Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) and Flowing Atmospheric-Pressure Afterglow Mass Spectrometry (FAPA-MS) to Analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Abstract

In recent years, the rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry and the extensive and illicit use of painkillers have led to increased levels of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environment. In view of the significant impact of NSAIDs on living organisms, including humans, their presence in the environment needs to be continuously monitored at trace levels. For this purpose, a combination of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) and HPLC-MS analysis is commonly used. MISPE has been utilized in direct, fast, and ecological analysis of drugs using a flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow ion source for mass spectrometry (FAPA-MS). The new method was applied herein in the determination of naproxen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen. The linear dependence of the intensity of analytical signals on the amount of drugs is in the range of 0.2 μg to 1 g and the method detection limit (MDL) for all drugs is 0.2 μg in environmental samples. The new method also decreased the number of analytical stages, the time and cost of analysis, and the organic solvent consumption, besides being environmentally friendly.

Analysis of Amygdalin in Various Matrices Using Electrospray Ionization and Flowing Atmospheric-Pressure Afterglow Mass Spectrometry

“…Due to the large number of recognition sites located on the surface of MIPs in each mag-MIP particle, the quantification of analytes using these materials is expected to be more sensitive and selective. Mag-MIPs have been successfully used in the analysis of amygdalin by flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow mass spectrometry (FAPA-MS) [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Adsorption and selectivity studies of direct and magnetite-cored molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs and magMIPs) towards chosen chalcones investigated with various analytical methods

“…The method has already been successfully implemented for analysis of e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inammatory agents, volatile organic compounds, hormones, avonoids, pesticides, or antioxidants, and is a very suitable technique for the fast and reliable detection of a wide range of analytes, omitting a demanding pre-separation or extraction steps. 26,[31][32][33][34][35][36] The main feature of FAPA ionization mode is connected with an external ionization source, which is a plasma generated from helium owing between two electrodes. Analytes introduced to the plasma are immediately ionized and directed to the spectrometer through the owing gas (Fig.…”

Isocratic Reverse-Phase HPLC Method for Determination of Aspirin, Paracetamol, and Naproxen

“…In combination with mass spectrometry, chromatography has been an essential part of proteomic analysis. [8][9][10][11][12][13]. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been adapted to analyze multi-component drugs by adjusting the affinity between the surfactant of column beads and the drug molecules according to size and electric charges.…”