Application of molten salts in hydroalkoxycarbonylation of styrene

Palladium-catalyzed hydroesterification of olefins with isosorbide in standard and Brønsted acidic ionic liquids

“…The amount of palladium in this organic phase was found to be 209 ppm,indicating that 22 % of the initial amount of palladium was in the organic phase. This result is in agreement with the results reported in the literature[5][6][7][8] and can undoubtedly be attributed to the marked hydrophobic character of PPh 3 ligand. To solve this problem, the use of ionic ligands such as the sodium salts of sulfonated mono and bidentate arylphosphines have been considered.…”

Activation of Small Molecules by P-Ligand—Platinum Metal Complexes in Ionic Liquids

“…Improved reaction rate and lower regioselectivity were observed with PdCl 2 /PPh 3 /CuCl 2 -NBu 4 Br system. The chloride-bromide exchange in the coordination sphere of palladium was shown by 31 P NMR [74].…”

ILs in Transition Metal-Catalysed Alkoxy- and Aminocarbonylation

“…Ammonium and phosphonium salts were also proved to be suitable media for the alkoxycarbonylation of styrene [13]. Using the PdCl 2 /PPh 3 /CuCl 2 system at 50 bar CO pressure and 110 C, almost complete conversion and acceptable regioselectivity, 74-78% towards the branched regioisomer, could be reached.…”