Application of nano compounds for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SARS-coronavirus: A review

Saleh, Ahmed Hamad; Kumar, Dharmendra; Sirakov, Ivo; Shafiee, Parisa; Arefian, Mehrnoosh

doi:10.52547/jcc.3.4.4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 175 publications

(208 reference statements)

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“…The symptoms include high fever, cough, myalgia, arthralgia, and fatigue, headache, shortness of breath, nasal discharge, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and loss of smell and taste [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is based on the clinical picture, radiological imaging [ 14 ], X-ray images captured using deep learning approaches [ 15 ], serological tests [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], and virus detection using antigen and molecular techniques [ 19 , 20 ]. Routine SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and detection in humans use IVD real-time RT PCR kits [ 21 , 22 ], LAMP [ 23 ], and rapid tests [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Molecular Biological Methods for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Testing the In Vitro Infectivity of the Virus

Shishkova,

Sirakova,

Shishkov

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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The virus discovered in 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China, which was later identified as SARS-CoV-2 and which spread to the level of a pandemic, put diagnostic methods to the test. Early in the pandemic, we developed a nested PCR assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which we validated and applied to detect the virus in feline samples. The present study describes the application of the nested PCR test in parallel with LAMP for the detection of the virus in 427 nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal human samples taken between October 2020 and January 2022. Of the swabs tested, there were 43 positives, accounting for 10.1% of all samples tested, with the negatives numbering 382, i.e., 89.5%, and there were 2 (0.4%) invalid ones. The nPCR results confirmed those obtained by using LAMP, with results concordant in both methods. Nasal swabs tested using nPCR confirmed the results of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab samples tested using LAMP and nPCR. The focus of the discussion is on the two techniques: the actual practical application of the laboratory-developed assays and the diagnostic value of nasal samples. The nPCR used is a reliable and sensitive technique for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and nasal swab samples. However, it has some disadvantages related to the duration of the entire process, as well as a risk of contamination. Experiments were performed to demonstrate the infectivity of the virus from the positive isolates in vitro. A discrepancy was reported between direct and indirect methods of testing the virus and accounting for its ability to cause infection in vitro.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Molecular Biological Methods for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Testing the In Vitro Infectivity of the Virus

Shishkova,

Sirakova,

Shishkov

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…20,21 An important part of controlling the spread of respiratory viruses is the availability of reliable diagnostic assays. The serological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 utilizes assays with different characteristics (antibody types and quantity), based on various principles, such as quick antigen tests based on nanoparticles, 29,30 qualitative and quantitative ELISA, immunofluorescence, [31][32][33] electrochemiluminescence assay 34 and automated systems. 35,36 Different serological tests also have different informativeness depending on the team and the combination of antibodies they prove.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Analysis of the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Mediterranean Part of Bulgaria, During the First Wave of the Pandemic

Sirakov,

Stankova,

Bakalov

et al. 2024

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic demonstrated the importance of proper understanding of the epidemiology of viral infections in the modern cosmopolitan world. In this retrospective study, we analyzed different factors associated with the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Sandanski municipality, a small and isolated region of Bulgaria, with a classical continental Mediterranean climate. We collected 418 serum samples from people without symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection or other respiratory diseases. The samples were tested for COVID-19 markers with qualitative and quantitative ELISA for anti-N and anti-S antibodies, and a rapid test for (IgM/G) antibodies. The methods were applied to complement each other with the different characteristics each of them has, thus allowing us to perform more accurate and more comprehensive detection of serum antibodies and to analyze the virus spread. We compared the results with the official government data for the SARS-CoV-2 distribution in Bulgaria. Based on the obtained results and available literature data, we discuss the importance of popular diagnostic methods, the role of the climate, the travel of people and pets, psychological stress and the individual reaction of subjects related to the spread of the virus.

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“…Due to their broad spectrum of biological activities [18], they are used in medicinal chemistry [19]. These compounds [20] possess various biological activities [21] like antibacterial, antiviral, calcium channel blockers, anti-tumor, neuropeptide Y (NPY) antagonists, α-1-antagonists, etc [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choline chloride based eutectic solvent: a highly efficient reaction media for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thiones

Malamiri

Badri

Khaksar

et al. 2022

jcc

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A mild and green protocol was developed for three-component, one pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione derivatives in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) without the use of a catalyst or any other additive.DES based on choline chloride (ChCl) and urea offered high reaction yield and was proper for a wide range of aromatic aldehydes. In addition, after 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione synthesis, DES could be easily recycled and reused five times without any obvious changes in catalytic activity. In general, the procedure offers a number of benefits, including clean reaction profile, avoiding the use of typical toxic catalysts, an easy workup procedure, short reaction times, and low prices.

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Application of nano compounds for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SARS-coronavirus: A review

Cited by 4 publications

References 175 publications

A Comparative Analysis of Molecular Biological Methods for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Testing the In Vitro Infectivity of the Virus

A Comparative Analysis of Molecular Biological Methods for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Testing the In Vitro Infectivity of the Virus

Retrospective Analysis of the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Mediterranean Part of Bulgaria, During the First Wave of the Pandemic

Choline chloride based eutectic solvent: a highly efficient reaction media for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thiones

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