Application of nanofiltration to separate salts from a hydrogen-sulphide scrubber solution

Jamaluddin, A.K.M.; Bary, Jp.; Nazarko, T.W.

doi:10.1002/cjce.5450710306

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…where it is assumed that elemental sulfur is the primary oxidized sulfur product (see also Jamaluddin et al 1993).…”

Section: Posttest Site Characterization and Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where it is assumed that elemental sulfur is the primary oxidized sulfur product (see also Jamaluddin et al 1993). The larger amount of hydrogen sulfide consumed in the field compared to that predicted from laboratory experiments is related to the rate of aforementioned Reaction 3 and residence time considerations (Thornton et al 2005).…”

Section: Posttest Site Characterization and Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of a Chromate‐Contaminated Soil Site by in situ Gaseous Reduction

Thornton¹,

Gilmore²,

Olsen³

et al. 2007

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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A proof‐of‐concept field test for the treatment of hexavalent chromium in the vadose zone using in situ gaseous reduction was successfully completed by the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Department of Defense in a joint demonstration conducted at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The test involved injecting hydrogen sulfide, diluted in air, into contaminated vadose zone sediment to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The gaseous mixture was injected directly into the contaminated sediment through a central injection well and vacuum extracted through the flow field with six boreholes at the site periphery over a 76‐d period. Comparison of soil samples taken before and after the test indicated 70% of the total mass of hexavalent chromium originally present at the site was reduced and immobilized. The zone of highest contamination was nearly completely treated, with average Cr(VI) concentrations decreasing in this interval from an average of 8.1 mg/kg before treatment to 1.1 mg/kg after treatment. Treatment was best in higher permeability clean gypsum sands and less effective in zones containing greater amounts of silt and clay and a slightly higher iron content. All hexavalent chromium concentrations measured in the posttest samples, however, were well below the remedial goal and regulatory limit of 30 mg/kg. In addition, the field test demonstrated that vadose zone treatment of contamination can be safely conducted using diluted hydrogen sulfide gas mixtures. Ongoing development of the technology is being directed toward addressing the limitations of gaseous treatment arising from variations in sediment permeability and iron content and assessing the relationship between hydrogen sulfide consumption and reaction kinetics.

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“…where it is assumed that elemental sulfur is the primary oxidized sulfur product (see also Jamaluddin et al 1993).…”

Section: Posttest Site Characterization and Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Posttest Site Characterization and Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of a Chromate‐Contaminated Soil Site by in situ Gaseous Reduction

Thornton¹,

Gilmore²,

Olsen³

et al. 2007

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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“…Results of nanofiltration to separate salts from the solution of the LO-CAT I autocirculation process have been published (Jamaluddin et al, 1993). It is reported that nanofiltration membranes retain organic materials and iron but allow ionic species to permeate.…”

Section: Lo-cat Z Autocirculation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt extraction from hydrogen‐sulfide scrubber solution using electrodialysis

Jamaluddin¹,

Kennedy²,

McManus³

et al. 1995

AIChE Journal

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Introduction LO-CAT Z autocirculation processSour natural gas produced from reservoirs contains a significant amount of impurities such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO,). Such a gas must be treated before marketing. In a sour-natural-gas sweetening facility, the natural gas is treated directly by an amine process to remove H2S and CO,. The amine solution is regenerated in an amine regenerating unit. The regenerated amine solution is recycled in the amine process, and the H,S and CO, concentrated stream from the amine regeneration unit, called acid gas, is either processed for sulfur recovery or incinerated, depending on the concentration of H,S in the acid gas.There are several commercial processes available for sulfur recovery, including the Claus process, which is suitable only for sulfur recovery of 10 tonne/day or more. Liquid-redox processes are ideal for sulfur recovery of less than 30 tonne/d. LO-CAT I autocirculation process is an iron-based liquid-redox process that is licensed by ARI Technologies Inc. (Meuly, 1977;Hardison, 1977;Thompson, 1980a; Primak, 1983;1984;McManus and Kin, 1986) and that uses a proprietary mixture of "Type A ' (ethylenediaminetetraacetic-acid (EDTA) -like) and "Type B" (sorbitol-like) chelating agents to hold iron in solution at high pH.The liquid reduction-oxidation or redox process is used to scrub hydrogen-sulfide (H,S)-containing gas streams. In this process, the gas containing H,S is contacted with an alkaline liquid phase (usually at pH 7.0 to 9.0) containing a dissolved metal-organic chelate reagent. While any polyvalent transition metal can be employed in this process, iron is most commonly used. The H2S from the gas stream is absorbed into the alkaline solution, forming hydrosulfide ions, The ionic distribution of sulfur anions is predominantly HS-, or hydrosulfide ions, at the process pH. The hydrosulfide ions react with the polyvalent metal, oxidizing the hydrosulfide to elemental sulfur and reducing the oxidation state of the metal: The metal is then oxidized with dissolved oxygen in the same vessel:The overall sulfur-producing reaction isSide reactions oxidize a portion of the dissolved hydrosulfide ions to acidic sulfur compounds, primarily sulfate (SO:-) and thiosulfate (S,O:-1. Walter (1977) indicated that above pH 7.0 from 2 to 9% of the H,S fed to a liquid redox scrubber was converted into acidic sulfur compounds. These sulfur compounds tend to lower the pH of the scrubber solution, reducing its scrubbing effectiveness. It is normal practice in these processes to maintain the pH of the scrubber solution above 7.0 by the continuous or periodic addition of alkaline chemicals such as the ammonium or alkali-metal salts of the carbonate (COf 1, bicarbonate (HCO, ), or hydroxide (OH-) anions. The neutralization of the acidic sulfur compounds results in a steady buildup of the corresponding ammonium or alkali metal salts. Overall chemical equations are given below for the two most common species formed:where M stands for an ammonium or alkali-metal cat...

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“…Lahiere and Goodboy ( 1993) used ceramic alumina microfiltration (MF) membranes to treat the petrochemical wastewater streams containing precipitated heavymetals, organic solvent emulsions with solids, and aromatic oils. Jamaluddin et at. (1993) applied nonofiltration (NF) to separate salts from a hydrogen sulphide scrubber solution.…”

Section: Chemical and Physical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%