Application of Natural Aromatase Blocker Towards the Level of Testosterone in Rooster Layer [&lt;i&gt;Gallus gallus gallus &lt;/i&gt;(Linn., 1758)]

Yuneldi, Rizki Fitrawan; Airin, Claude Mona; Saragih, Hendry; Astuti, Pudji

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.884.251

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with Astuti et al [17], that demonstrated that the administration of Anadara nodifera shell powder as a NAB at doses of 3.3 and 6.6 g/day, ZnSO 4 0.45 mg/kg BW, and testosterone 0.1 mL/day for 35 days did not increase the size of the comb and wattle in adult Bangkok cockerels. This was also shown by Yuneldi et al [18], where the administration of BCSP as a NAB at a dose of 0.036 mg/40 g BW and ZnSO 4 0.018 mg/40 g BW for 35 days could not increase the length and height of the day old chick (DOC) comb of male layers.…”

Section: Comb and Wattle 56 Days Post-treatmentsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Improvement of pectoralis muscle is characterized by the increasing number of myofibers in one fascicle, myofiber area (MA), fascicle area (FA), and proliferation in the nucleus of muscle cells [9][10][11][12]. The increase in growth and the pectoralis muscle characteristics of pelung cockerels is triggered by the hormone testosterone [5,7,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The hormone testosterone in male animals is produced by the testes [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common practice to increase testosterone levels is through parenteral synthetic testosterone [18]. The continuous administration of parenteral synthetic testosterone can lead to decreased testis weight (TW), seminiferous tubule damage, and infertility [5,18,20]. Therefore, a natural agent capable of acting as a natural aromatase blocker (NAB) is required, and blood clam shells may be an option [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BCSP also contains proteins which are required to boost chicken growth, pectoralis muscle area, MA, and stimulate satellite cell proliferation to regenerate myofiber for muscle growth [32][33][34][35][36]. The BCSP used as a NAB at a dose of 0.036 mg/40 g body weight (BW) has been proven to increase TW at the 5 th week and serum testosterone levels in male layer breeders at the 4 th week post-treatment [18]. Astuti et al [24] showed that 0.18 mg/200 g BW of BCSP supplemented for 50 days was able to increase testosterone levels and showed aromatase enzyme blocking action in the brain and testes of rats as evidenced by reduced CYP19 aromatase expression in immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, pectoralis muscle performance, and testis of pelung cockerels (Gallus gallus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]) supplemented with blood clam shell powder (Anadara granosa [Linnaeus, 1758])

et al. 2023

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Background and Aim: Pelung cockerels (Gallus gallus gallusGallus gallus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]) are different from other native cockerels in that they have a long and unique voice, in addition to their tall, large, and sturdy body with a relatively heavy body weight (BW). The sound quality of pelung cockerels is affected by the structure of the syrinx and their large and strong chest muscles. The performance of the chest muscles, and subsequently its voice, is influenced by the hormone testosterone. The shell of blood clams (Anadara granosa Linnaeus, 1758), a saltwater bivalve is known to contain a natural aromatase blocker (NAB) capable of blocking the aromatase enzyme from converting testosterone to estradiol. This generates consistently high levels of testosterone. This study aimed to determine the effect of blood clam shell powder (BCSP) as an NAB on the growth, pectoralis muscle performance, and testes of pelung cockerels. Materials and Methods: The study design was a completely randomized design, with 16 pelung cockerels aged 40–56 weeks divided into four treatment groups: T0 (control); T1 (BCSP [A. granosa] 0.9 mg/kg BW); T2 (zinc sulfate [ZnSO4] 0.9 mg/kg BW); and T3 (testosterone 3 mg/day). The animals were acclimatized for 7 days and then given dietary treatments for 56 days. The measurement of the comb, wattle, and chest circumference (CC) of pelung cockerels was performed on days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. At the end of the treatment, the pelung cockerels were sacrificed and the data of the pectoralis muscle weight (PMW), testis weight (TW), and area of the pectoralis muscle (APM) were measured. Samples of pectoralis muscle and testes were taken and fixed in 10% neutral buffer formalin for histology. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was identified by immunohistochemical staining. To measure fascicle area (FA), myofiber area (MA), and enumerate, the fascicle myofibers (NM) histology preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). Testicular preparations were stained with H and E to measure the diameter of the seminiferous tubules (DST) using ImageJ software. Results: The growth performance on day 56 showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher differences of CC in T1 compared to T2 and T0, in T1 and T3 compared to T0, and in T3 and T2 compared to T0. Pectoralis muscle results, that is, FA, NM, MA, and PCNA-positive cells, showed that cockerels on treatment T3 had significantly higher results than other treatments, T1 was significantly different from T2 and T0, and T2 was significantly different from T0. In addition, the TW and DST measurement of cockerels on treatment T3 were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) than the other treatment groups. Conclusion: The oral administration of BCSP in the role of a NAB at a dose of 0.9 mg/kg BW for 56 days improved the growth performance and pectoralis muscle, especially the CC, FA, NM, MA, and PCNA-positive cells parameters, but did not affect the PMW, APM, and testis of pelung cockerels. The administration of testosterone at 3 mg/day for 56 days contributed to the decrease in TW and DST, as well as atrophy of the seminiferous tubules of pelung cockerels. Keywords: growth performance, muscle, natural aromatase blocker, pelung, testis.

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Section: Comb and Wattle 56 Days Post-treatmentsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, pectoralis muscle performance, and testis of pelung cockerels (Gallus gallus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]) supplemented with blood clam shell powder (Anadara granosa [Linnaeus, 1758])

et al. 2023

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“…Aromatase blocker is a drug that can block the aromatase enzyme so that it becomes an agent that can prevent the work of aromatase enzymes so that testosterone hormone not be converted into estradiol [20] so that the concentration of testosterone in the body can be defended and spermatogenesis can increase [21,22]. [23] reported that aromatase blockers are effective in overcoming hypogonadism, as well as minimal side effects.…”

Section: The Important Role Of the Hormone Testosteronementioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and Shell Flour as Innovative Natural Aromatase Blocker to Increase Testosterone Concentration

2022

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The hormone testosterone is essential in various biological processes, including reproductive function so its presence in the body must remain stable. Low concentrations of testosterone can affect secondary traits and libido in male animals. Testosterone concentrations are usually increased through hormonal induction, but this will harm long-term administration. The alternative offered in this problem is to give aromatase blockers both in the form of commercial drug injection (letrozole) and natural ingredients (shell powder). Aromatase blockers can inhibit the synthesis of estrogen from testosterone at certain doses that are usually different for each animal, administering aromatase blockers has been shown to increase testosterone concentration, in birds and chickens the administration of aromatase blockers did not have any significant side effects.

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The Effect of Natural Aromatase Blockers on the Testicle Weight, Size of Wattle and Histopathological of Testis In Bangkok

et al. 2021

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The aromatase enzyme is an enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen. This means that by administering aromatase blockers, testosterone levels increase and estrogen levels decrease. The problem faced is how the spermatogenesis process occurs because estrogen is needed as well in the process. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological features of the testes due to the administration of natural aromatase blockers (NAB). Fifteen male Bangkok chickens were divided into 5 groups, namely: control group (C); testosterone continues (Tc 0.4 mg/bird/day); natural aromatase blockers 33 (NAB 3.3 g/bird); natural aromatase blockers 66 (NAB 6.6 g/bird); zinc (Zn): 0.45 mg/kg body weight (BW). The oral treatment was given for 35 days. The results showed that NAB did not affect wattle growth, but significantly affected testicle weight (p-value < 0.05). The NAB 66 group had the heaviest testis weight, followed by zinc, continuous testosterone, NAB 33 group, and the control group. This results was confirmed by HE staining on the testes which showed the thickness of the thickest spermatogenic and spermatid cell layers in the NAB 66 group. It was concluded that giving NAB did not harm the spermatogenesis process.

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Application of Natural Aromatase Blocker Towards the Level of Testosterone in Rooster Layer [<i>Gallus gallus gallus </i>(Linn., 1758)]

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Growth, pectoralis muscle performance, and testis of pelung cockerels (Gallus gallus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]) supplemented with blood clam shell powder (Anadara granosa [Linnaeus, 1758])

Growth, pectoralis muscle performance, and testis of pelung cockerels (Gallus gallus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]) supplemented with blood clam shell powder (Anadara granosa [Linnaeus, 1758])

Zinc and Shell Flour as Innovative Natural Aromatase Blocker to Increase Testosterone Concentration

The Effect of Natural Aromatase Blockers on the Testicle Weight, Size of Wattle and Histopathological of Testis In Bangkok

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