Background and Aim: Pelung chickens make unique, pleasant, and rhythmic sounds in addition to having strong muscle mass. Performance is controlled by testosterone. A natural aromatase blocker is an agent capable of blocking the aromatase enzyme, which consequently prevents testosterone from being changed into estradiol. Such a condition results in consistently high testosterone levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the administration of the shell powder of Anadara granosa on the testosterone level, frequency and quality of sounds, and metabolism of Pelung chickens within set parameters of thyroid hormone levels, the triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) ratio, and weight gain. Materials and Methods: This study used four Pelung chickens aged 14 months. Control data consisted of data before treatment (day 0). Shell powder of A. granosa was administered for 56 days. Body weight (BW) was measured, and blood samples were drawn. In addition, the sounds from Pelung chickens were recorded once every 2 weeks on days 14, 28, 42, and 56. The blood samples were analyzed using the enzyme immunoassay method to determine testosterone, T3, and T4 levels. The sounds of Pelung chickens were recorded using the Hagemon touch method and analyzed using the Audacity application. Results: The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the levels of testosterone, BW, and sound frequency after the administration of A. granosa shell powder, but the administration did not have a significant effect on the levels of T4 and T3 hormones (thyroid hormone), T3/T4 ratio, or sound duration. The testosterone content and BW of Pelung chickens increased from day 14 to day 56, whereas T3 was indicative of the same profile as the T4 hormone. However, T3 and T4 levels and the T3/T4 ratio decreased and increased, respectively. The sound frequency of Pelung chickens increased from day 0 to day 14, although sound duration decreased. Conclusion: The administration of A. granosa shell powder at 0.9 mg/kg BW orally could improve the metabolism, testosterone level, BW, and sound frequency of Pelung chickens.

Aromatase blockers are agents that can inhibit the action of the aromatase enzyme so that testosterone will not be converted to estradiol. Thus, the level of testosterone in the blood is maintained high. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of natural aromatase blocker (NAB) on the level of testosterone in serum and evaluate the effectiveness of chemical testosterone. This study used 100 days old chick (DOC) of Layer chicken that divided randomly into 4 treatment groups namely P0 (control), P1 (zinc sulfate 0.018 mg / 40 g BW), P2 (blood clamshell powder (Anadara granosa) 0.036 mg / 40 g BW as NAB), and P3 (testosterone 0.1 mL). Before doing the experiments, comb measurements were done, blood sampling was carried out through the brachial vein to analyze testosterone levels, and testicular weight was done after necropsy. The study design used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS software version 15. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) on the variable testosterone level, testicular weight, and the length and height of comb. It can conclude that NAB's administration during the initial growth period can increase testosterone levels, and the provision of chemical testosterone continuously can increase testosterone levels but significantly reduce the testicular weight.

The leaves of insulin (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) are native bush plants from Central America. This plant in Indonesia is often called paitan or kembang bulan. The aim of this research was to know the profile of SGPT and SGOT of male white rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) hyperglycemic after giving insulin leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray). This study used 20 male Wistar rats which were divided randomly into 5 groups of treatment. Those were P0 as a group of rats which was not given alloxan and insulin leaf extract, P1 as a group of rats which was given alloxan without insulin leaf extract, P2 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and glibenclamide 2 mg/Body Weight (BW)/day, P3 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and insulin leaf extract 30 mg/BW/day, P4 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and insulin leaf extract 60 mg/BW/day. Each treatment was repeated as many as 4 replications. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant differences in all variables, namely levels of SGPT, SGOT, liver weight, body weight and Hepatosomatic index (HSI), so it can be concluded that giving insulin leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) of 30 mg/BW/day and 60 mg/BW/day could improve liver function of hyperglycemic male white rats (R. norvegicus L.).

The aromatase enzyme is an enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen. This means that by administering aromatase blockers, testosterone levels increase and estrogen levels decrease. The problem faced is how the spermatogenesis process occurs because estrogen is needed as well in the process. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological features of the testes due to the administration of natural aromatase blockers (NAB). Fifteen male Bangkok chickens were divided into 5 groups, namely: control group (C); testosterone continues (Tc 0.4 mg/bird/day); natural aromatase blockers 33 (NAB 3.3 g/bird); natural aromatase blockers 66 (NAB 6.6 g/bird); zinc (Zn): 0.45 mg/kg body weight (BW). The oral treatment was given for 35 days. The results showed that NAB did not affect wattle growth, but significantly affected testicle weight (p-value < 0.05). The NAB 66 group had the heaviest testis weight, followed by zinc, continuous testosterone, NAB 33 group, and the control group. This results was confirmed by HE staining on the testes which showed the thickness of the thickest spermatogenic and spermatid cell layers in the NAB 66 group. It was concluded that giving NAB did not harm the spermatogenesis process.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the administration of Testosterone toward growth, levels of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) in male Layer chicken. Forty male Layer chickens strain Isa Brown was used in this study. Chickens were divided into 2 groups, control and treatment groups (given commercial testosterone) at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight/day for 5 weeks. The results showed the growth of chickens treated by Testosterone increased significantly from week 1 to week 5 with a range between 59.43 ± 0.76 grams to 332.50 ± 0.79 grams, (P < 0.05). However, due to treatment differences, the results obtained that the administration of Testosterone cannot accelerate the growth of male Layer chickens (P > 0.05). Even in the week 3 and week 4, the growth rate is lower than the control. The levels reduction of T3 start from 4.91 ± 0.98 ng/mL to 1.38 ± 0.09 ng/mL, while T4 levels start from 1.01 ± 0.85 ug/mL to 0.84 ± 0.21 ug/mL. It could be concluded that the administration of testosterone can reduce T3 and T4 levels but cannot accelerate the growth rate of male Layer chickens.