The leaves of insulin (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) are native bush plants from Central America. This plant in Indonesia is often called paitan or kembang bulan. The aim of this research was to know the profile of SGPT and SGOT of male white rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) hyperglycemic after giving insulin leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray). This study used 20 male Wistar rats which were divided randomly into 5 groups of treatment. Those were P0 as a group of rats which was not given alloxan and insulin leaf extract, P1 as a group of rats which was given alloxan without insulin leaf extract, P2 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and glibenclamide 2 mg/Body Weight (BW)/day, P3 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and insulin leaf extract 30 mg/BW/day, P4 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and insulin leaf extract 60 mg/BW/day. Each treatment was repeated as many as 4 replications. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant differences in all variables, namely levels of SGPT, SGOT, liver weight, body weight and Hepatosomatic index (HSI), so it can be concluded that giving insulin leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) of 30 mg/BW/day and 60 mg/BW/day could improve liver function of hyperglycemic male white rats (R. norvegicus L.).

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari alternatif pencegahan penyakit avian influenza (AI) pada ayam pedaging melalui peningkatan daya tahan tubuh. Limfosit T akan bereaksi secara langsung melawan antigen yang telah dipresentasikan ke permukaan sel oleh antigen presenting cell (APC). Interaksi Th-CD4 berperan membantu mampertahankan ikatan Th-APC agar tetap menyatu pada saat aktivasi antigen spesifik berlangsung. Asam lemak pada virgin coconut oil (VCO) berpotensi sebagai immunostimulan sehingga mampu meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh ayam melalui peningkatan limfosit T dan Th-CD4. Penelitian ini menggunakan 40 ekor ayam broiler umur satu hari. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial dengan faktor pertama adalah 2 level vaksin yaitu kelompok ayam yang divaksin AI dan kelompok ayam yang tidak divaksin AI. Faktor kedua menggunakan 4 level VCO yaitu 0, 5, 10 dan 15 mL/kg pakan. Ayam broiler dikelompokkan dalam 8 kelompok perlakuan dan dilakukan pengulangan dalam 5 unit percobaan. Pakan dan minum diberikan ad libitum selama 4 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah limfosit dan Th-CD4 pada ayam yang diberi VCO sebesar 10 mL/kg pakan dan divaksin AI lebih tinggi dibanding pemberian VCO tanpa divaksin AI.Kata kunci: avian influenza, ayam pedaging, CD4, limfosit, VCO ABSTRACTThis research aimed to find preventing alternative of avian influenza (AI) disease in broiler chicken by increasing body immune. Lymphocyte T would directly react to antigen presented to the cell surface by antigen presenting cell (APC). Th-CD4 interaction functioned to maintain Th-APC bond intact during specific antigen activation. Fatty acid in virgin coconut oil (VCO) was potential as immunostimulant, which therefore could increase chicken immunity through the increase of lymphocyte T and Th-CD4. This research used 40 one-day-old broiler chickens. The method applied was Completely Randomized Factorial Design in which the first factor was two levels of vaccine, namely groups of AI vaccinated and unvaccinated. The second factor was four levels of VCO namely 0, 5, 10, 15 mL/kg feed. Day Old Chick (DOC) were divided into eight treatment groups and repeated five times. Feed and water were given ad libitum for four weeks. The result showed that the number of lymphocyte and Th-CD4 in chickens given 10 mL per kg feed and vaccinated with AI was higher than that in chickens given VCO without AI vaccine.

Insulin leave (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) empirically used by people as antihyperglycemic drugs. The study was aimed to evaluate antihyperglycemic activity as well as to determine the most optimum dose of T. diversifolia to reduce blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemic condition was induced to male Rattus norvegicus rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg bw (body weight). In this study, completely randomized design was performed with three treatment groups and five times repetition. Group P1 received glibenclamide 10 mg/kg bw, P2 received aqueous extract of T. diversifolia at a dose of 150 mg/kg bw, P3 received aqueous extract of T. diversifolia at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw. Administration of both glibenclamide and aqueous extract of T. diversifolia was conducted orally for 28 days. Data were analyzed using Anova and Duncan’s test with 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that the mean percentage of decrease in blood glucose levels, drink intake and body weight of all treatment groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). Data of feed intake showed that P1 was significantly different from P2 (p<0.05), but P2 was not significantly different from P3 (p>0.05). Based on the result of this research, it was found that the low doses of aqueous extract of T. diversifolia has the same ability to decrease blood glucose level compared to glibenclamide. Futhermore, this study provide some information that can be used as preclinical analysis to determine effective doses of aqueous extract of T. diversifolia to decrease blood glucose levels.

Ayam broiler dikenal mempunyai lemak tubuh tinggi, sehingga perlu upaya penurunan lemak dengan menggunakan bahan alami (herbal) sebagai pakan tambahan. Penggunaan daun jati belanda diharapkan mampu menurunkan lemak ayam broiler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji khasiat tepung daun jati belanda dalam menurunkan kadar trigliserida darah dan persentase lemak abdominal ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 100 ekor DOC (day old chicks) betina. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) menggunakan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan pada setiap perlakuan dan jika ada beda nyata antar perlakuan dilakukan uji lanjut dengan uji beda nyata terkecil  (BNT) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95 %. Pengujian pengaruh penurunan kadar trigliserida darah dan lemak abdominal dilakukan selama 28 hari perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung daun jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk.) pada dosis 5g, 10g, 15 g dan 20 g dalam 1 kg pakan komplit mampu menurunkan kadar trigliserida darah dan lemak abdominal ayam broiler ((P<0.05) dibanding dengan kontrol. Kata kunci :  daun jati belanda, ayam broiler, trigliserida darah, lemak abdominal

Parakeets (Melopsittacus undulates) are classified parrot order Psittaciformes. Parakeets are monomorphic birds whose sex is difficult to be distinguished. Sex identification is very important for breeding efforts in order to increase the parakeet population. External morphology was determined to identify the sex of the birds. This research was conducted to determine the sex of parakeets (male and female). This study used five male and five female parakeets aged 4 months as the study objects. This study used the quantitative and qualitative method. Results of this study was verified by performing surgery to determine the sex of parakeet based on their reproductive organs. The t-test results of morphometric characteristics showed no significant different in the length of body, upper bill, lower bill, wing, tail, femur, tibial-tarsus, tarsometatarsus and digits as well as the body weight between male and female parakeets.  The color of the cere was useful to accurately determine sex in parakeets (blue in males and white in females). This research provided information to the public about the differences between male and female parakeets for the selection of good broodstock in order to increase their population in captivity.