Application of Organic Indicators and Overall Index to Assess the Level of Water Pollution in Habbaniya Lake, Iraq

Abstract

The present investigation took place at Habbaniya lake to assess the level of pollution as an overall index besides organic directories. Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand were calculated for 16 samples of lake water in addition to parameters of Overall Index Pollution. The lake water content of Dissolved Oxygen is excellent and unpolluted according to Biological Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand values (Dissolved Oxygen varied from 9.100 mg l-1 to 13.600 mg l-1, Biological Oxygen Demand varied from 2 mg l-1 to 7 mg l-1, and Chemical Oxygen Demand varied from 30 mg l-1 to 73.667 mg l-1). Overall Index Pollution was useful and helpful in determining lake water quality. The situation of the lake was better compared to the year 2014. The health status of the lake varied from acceptable to slightly polluted due to having Overall Index Pollution values ranges from 1.632 to 2.677, and it supports aquatic life in it. The map of Overall Index Pollution shows that the values in the northwestern part of the lake are lower than in the southeastern part due to the continuous renewal of water in the first part because it represents a water inlet. This map is almost identical to a distribution map of Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand. In general, Habbaniya lake is non-polluting and not dangerous to the environment now, but it may face the risk of pollution, based on the results obtained. Thus, the present study concluded that the use of the Overall Index Pollution technique with organic indicators is very suitable for assessing the level of water pollution in Habbaniya lake.

Treatment of Hospital Wastewater Using Activated Sludge with Extended Aeration

“…However, the BOD 5 in the outflow water of the three treatments at 5 L/s was higher than that of the other flows. On the other hand, the discharge of hospital wastewater with BOD 5 concentrations above the maximum allowable limits could affect the ecological health of the receiving water bodies (Agboola et al, 2016;Al-Kubaisi et al, 2021). Therefore, the addition of chlorine in treated water is necessary to eliminate pathogenic bacteria (Verlicchi et al, 2015) and maintain safety for reuse (Desye et al, 2021).…”

Evaluation of the Suitability of the Euphrates River water for Drinking and Irrigation purposes in Haditha City, Western Iraq

“…It has been observed in recent years that the quality of the Euphrates River's water has begun to deteriorate at an increasing rate; the Euphrates River's water quality deterioration is caused by agricultural retained irrigation, drainage performs, land management, geological formations, in addition to the effect of climate change. One of the most important strategies to maintain long-term water sustainability is to regularly examine it and verify that it is free of harmful impurities (inorganic and organic) [3]. The construction of dams by Turkey and Syria reduced the flow regime.…”

Evaluation of Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) for Habbaniya Lake in Anbar Governorate, Iraq

“…Many researchers in modern years used IWQI as a method for controlling the quality of groundwater like [6], [7], and [8]. In addition to researchers concerned with environmental studies and biological studies to assess Habbaniya lake [9]; [11]; [12]; [13]. The study aims to determine whether the water quality is suitable for irrigation, using (IWQI) and the RockWare-16 software to display this index's spatial dispersion.…”