Application of parsimony analysis of endemicity to Mexican gymnosperm distributions: grid-cells, biogeographical provinces and track analysis

Abstract

Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) was used to analyse the distributional patterns of 124 species of Mexican gymnosperms, using two different sample units: grid‐cells and biogeographical provinces. PAE analyses were based on distributional data from herbarium specimens and specialized literature. Two data matrices were constructed for 60 grid‐cells of 2° and 14 biogeographical provinces. The analysis of the 2° grid‐cell matrix led to 7084 cladograms. The strict consensus cladogram showed several clades equivalent to the results obtained with the biogeographical provinces. Three clades agree with some principal regions of distribution of Mexican pines, previously identified by several authors, located at the northern portion of the Baja California peninsula, the Sierra Madre Occidental, and the Sierra Madre Oriental. These areas represent important centres of species diversity and endemism for Mexican gymnosperms. The analysis of the province matrix led to two most parsimonious cladograms, which only differed in the position of the Sierra Madre Occidental province. The iterative procedure PAE with progressive character elimination was applied to identify generalized tracks, where clades of provinces were considered equivalent to generalized tracks, and each time a cladogram was obtained, species defining its clades were deleted and a new run was undertaken. We found five generalized tracks, mainly located in montane provinces. The distribution patterns of gymnosperms agree with the existence of several Mexican biogeographical provinces, and a different historical biogeography of the Mexican peninsulas from the rest of the country is evident. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 405–417.

Areas of endemism in the Atlantic Forest: quantitative biogeography insights from orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini)

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Fundamental biogeographic patterns across the Mexican Transition Zone: an evolutionary approach

“…2B): three in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, one in the southern Sierra Madre Oriental, one in the eastern Sierra Madre del Sur, one in the highlands of Chiapas, and three in the boundaries between two provinces. They concluded that taxa isolated in the highlands of Chiapas (as well as Guatemala) at the end of the Pleistocene may represent the southernmost Nearctic relicts in Mesoamerica, and that the other biogeographic provinces, together with the Sierra Several other studies have contributed to the recognition of similar generalized tracks and nodes, and to the identification of smaller generalized tracks (Luna-Vega et al 1999, 2000, 2001, Morrone et al 1999, Morrone and Escalante 2002, Escalante et al 2003, Márquez and Morrone 2003, Ochoa et al 2003, Morrone and Gutiérrez 2005, Espinosa et al 2006, Contreras-Medina et al 2007a, Mariño-Pérez et al 2007, Toledo et al 2007, García-Marmolejo et al 2008). …”

Biogeographical affinities, trophodynamics, and fisheries pressure in the fish community of the Laguna Madre Tamaulipas

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