“…More flexible nonparametric methods include estimating the score function using kernel approximation (Vlassis and Motomura 2001), kernel density estimation (Bach and Jordan 2003; Boscolo, Pan, and Roychowdhury 2004; Chen and Bickel 2005; Chen 2006; Shen, Hüper, and Smola 2006), smoothing splines (Hastie and Tibshirani 2003), B -spline approximation (Chen and Bickel 2006), and logsplines (Kawaguchi and Truong 2009). Two other relaxations of the basic ICA model are subspace ICA (Hyvärinen and Hoyer 2000; Sharma and Paliwal 2006) that allows the sources to form mutually independent subgroups and does not require the sources within the same subgroup to be independent; and AMICA (Palmer et al 2008) that uses mixtures of Gaussian scale mixtures to model the sources, which was extended to include mixtures of linear processes (Palmer, Kreutz-Delgado, and Makeig 2010).…”