Application of Raman Spectroscopy to Ancient Materials: Models and Results from Archaeometric Analyses

Chiriu, Daniele; Pisu, Francesca Assunta; Ricci, Pier Carlo; Carbonaro, Carlo Maria

doi:10.3390/ma13112456

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…FT-Raman is in most cases considered more suitable for amber characterization, and groups of geological samples from the chosen geographical regions are compared, sometimes adding archaeological items with the aim of attempting a provenance attribution of the latter. 14 A Romanian research group carried out Raman investigations, in parallel to infrared ones, aimed at fully characterizing romanite, whose distinction from Baltic amber was made possible through PCA on the baselinesubtracted and normalized FT-Raman spectra in the 250-1800 cm À1 region. Functional groups specific of the two types of amber were also identified thanks to the attribution of the single bands and the study of the loadings.…”

Section: Biogenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of Principal Components Analysis approaches in Raman studies of cultural heritage materials

Coccato,

Caggiani

2023

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The present overview answers the need of assessing the current state of the art concerning the application of principal components analysis (PCA) to Raman spectroscopy investigations of cultural heritage and related materials. An increment of the employment of this multivariate statistic technique to Raman results in the mentioned field began between 15 and 10 years ago, after a very slow start at the turn of the millennium. A delay of about a decade was observed with respect to PCA applied to elemental quantitative data of archaeometric analyses, likely a consequence of the required spectral pre‐treatment and to results of complex interpretation. Therefore, it is by now the time to summarize this evolution in a comprehensive, yet very specific way. In this overview, painting constituents were considered, both colouring materials and binders, in addition to natural and synthetic glasses, and biogenic and mineral gemmological materials. A marked unbalance between the studies pertaining to the different sections has been noticed, revealing a concentration of the work mainly on painting materials, including the study of ageing and alteration. The different aims of PCA application to Raman spectra, the various approaches and the achievable results, with the possible arising problems, were underlined, too. Special attention was given to the pre‐treatment of the spectra, which was observed to be essential to overcome the influence of several issues concerning bands intensity, spectral noise, background, fluorescence and so on.

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Section: Biogenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of Principal Components Analysis approaches in Raman studies of cultural heritage materials

Coccato,

Caggiani

2023

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…Also as more absorbing the laser more localized heating of the exposed area, this leads to sample damage and changing in the chemical structure. With the advances and fast development of nano technology in the lasers and CCD detectors through the last decade Raman spectroscopy developed to Raman micro-spectroscopy transferring the Raman to the new era of Raman mapping, which serves as a heaven tool for the culture heritage [29,30].…”

Section: Climatic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Laser Spectroscopic Investigations to Determine the Current Conditions of Hetep Heres Pyramid in Giza, Egypt.

Conference¹

2022

Egypt. J. Chem.

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Giza plateau in Egypt is famous for its pyramids and tombs which were built and carved into the rock. The pyramid of Queen Hetep Heres, the mother of King Khufu, encountered several erosion factors. From a simple visual examination, it is noted that Hetep Heres' pyramid has many problems that affect its sustainability. Different samples have been taken from the eroded areas. The external state that was investigated by a stereo microscope shows erosion and damage. The internal and structural states were investigated by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, EDAX, and laser-based Raman microscope. This study confirms the need to interfere with the surrounding urban area to decrease the frictions and the strong need to continue developing the Giza Plateau to decrease the environmental effects on the whole archeological buildings found in one of the most important plateaus in the world.

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“…The modern physico-chemical investigation of ancient artifacts allows advanced material characterization, which is necessary for historians to certify important aspects regarding the past [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Crystalline phases and chemical bond identification within organic molecules of ancient materials are useful to confirm or to infirm historians’ suppositions relating to various aspects involved in archeological excavations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress

et al. 2023

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Methods for material investigation are powerful tools that allow specialists to elucidate important aspects regarding ancient artifacts such as the Roman amphorae deposits discovered at Potaissa Fortress in Turda, Romania. Archeological debate states that the deposit contained olive oil and wine amphorae, but no material evidence has been presented until now. The current research is focused on the most representative large amphora fragments found in the Potaissa deposit, with a significant amount of sediment on their walls, to give archeologists the material proof to elucidate their debate. Sediment was collected from each fragment and subjected to complex analysis. XRD investigation combined with cross-polarized light microscopy demonstrated mineral particles such as quartz, clay (muscovite and traces of biotite), and calcite. Quartz and calcite particles have a rounded shape and diameters in a range of 20–200 µm, and clay particles have a lamellar shape and dimensions from 1 to 20 µm, a fact confirmed by SEM microscopy. Sample 2 presented a large amount of amorphous phase followed by Samples 1 and 3, with a low amount of organic phase. FTIR investigation confirms organic phase presence owing to strong absorption bands regarding C-H, C=O, and O-H chemical bonds related to aliphatic compounds in Sample 2, and to some decayed wine residue in Samples 1 and 3. EDS elemental analysis was used for organic particle identification in the amphora sediments and to obtain a correlation with their microstructure. GC–MS investigation showed volatile compounds related to wine residue for Samples 1 and 3 and decomposed fats for Sample 2. Tartaric and malic acid were identified by HPLC in Samples 1 and 3, which are wine biomarkers. The correlation of all experimental results concludes with no doubt that Amphora 2 contained olive oil and Amphorae 1 and 3 contained wine in ancient times.

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Application of Raman Spectroscopy to Ancient Materials: Models and Results from Archaeometric Analyses

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

An overview of Principal Components Analysis approaches in Raman studies of cultural heritage materials

An overview of Principal Components Analysis approaches in Raman studies of cultural heritage materials

Utilizing Laser Spectroscopic Investigations to Determine the Current Conditions of Hetep Heres Pyramid in Giza, Egypt.

Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress

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