Application of small doses of copper salts (basic and neutral) to Ascaridia galli-infected chicks

Abstract

Male Hisex chicks were used in two experiments to investigate the interaction between Ascaridia galli infection and supplemental copper from basic and neutral salts. This was assessed by means of body weights, mortality, parasite burden and liver copper level. Cu2(OH)3Cl reduced the number of parasites but CuSO4.5H2O and CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.nH2O did not affect the parasite burden.

The effect of cobalt compounds on uninfected and Ascaridia galli-infected chickens: a kinetic model for Ascaridia galli populations and chicken growth

“…Therefore there is a need to treat Ascaridia-infected chickens with compounds of essential microelements to improve the survival and body weight gain of chickens, to correct mineral imbalances and to prevent secondary pathological symptoms. The effects of essential trace elements such as copper, zinc, copper-zinc mixture and manganese on A. galli-infected chickens have previously been reported by Gabrashanska et al (1986Gabrashanska et al ( , 1993Gabrashanska et al ( , 1999a, Galvez-Morros et al (1995) and Teodorova & Gabrashanska (2002). In the present work the effect of cobalt on uninfected and A. galli-infected chickens was investigated.…”

“…Flachowsky (1997) suggests that chelated or complexed trace elements may improve the bioavailability of minerals for animals. Our previous work has shown that basic salts of zinc and copper (pure or mixed) and glycine-manganese complexes are appropriate sources for these trace elements, producing few side effects (Gabrashanska et al, 1993(Gabrashanska et al, , 1999bGalvez-Morros et al, 1995).…”

Gastrointestinal nematodes, trace elements, and immunity

“…Given both evidence for copper's antiparasitic activity [138] and evidence that copper increases host immunity [139], it is not surprising that results have shown that pure copper salts reduce GI nematode worm burdens in chickens infected with Ascaridia galli [38]; in dairy goats infected with Haemonchus but not T. circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, or Oesophagostomum venulosum [140]; in guinea pigs infected with Ascaris [141]; and in lambs [142,143] with ostertagiasis. It has also been shown that basic salts were more effective than neutral salts against A. galli and the authors suggested that this occurred because resorption of basic salts by the host is lower compared with neutral salts and this prolongs their antiparasitic action on intestinal nematodes [144À146].…”

“…Growth has been used as the outcome measure since growth, as a proxy for increased lean body mass, is a sensitive measure in nematode infected farm animals where an association between deficiencies in several trace elements and a decline in growth and lean body mass with increasing worm burdens has been observed. In one series of studies [38,138,144,146], researchers compared A. galli worm burdens of male Hisex chickens fed either mixed neutral salts or mixed basic salts in a selected order for 5 days with a 7-day washout period. The expectation was that the mixed basic salts would have higher antiparasitic activity compared with pure basic Cu salt because host resorption is lower in animals fed these diets and at the same time their antiparasitic action on intestinal nematodes would be prolonged.…”

Administration of Zn-Co-Mn basic salt to chickens with ascaridiosis

“…During the last 30-40 years, a number of investigations on the mineral composition of parasites and their hosts, and especially on the trace element status of helminths (Ascaris suum, Fasciola hepatica, Diphillobotrium latum, Moniezia expansa, Ascaridia galli, Trichinella spiralis), have been carried out (Berenschtein 1968;Watson et al 1970;Ince 1976;Sinha and Majumdar 1977;Greichus and Greichus 1980;Barrett 1981;Lal and Kumar 1985;Sood and Kapur 1986;Gabrashanska et al 1987;Pandey and Chondhry 1989;Bhattacharya et al 1994;Smith et al 1995;Vellema et al 1996). Chickens infected with parasites need treatment with biogenic elements to correct mineral deficiencies and restore the normal mineral balance (Southern and Baker 1978;Kratzer and Vohra 1986;Baker et al1991;Wedekind and Baker 1992;Aoyagi and Baker 1993;Gabrashanska et al 1993Gabrashanska et al , 1999aGabrashanska et al , 1999bGabrashanska et al , 2001Gabrashanska et al , 2002Galvez-Morros et al 1995;Flachowsky 1997).…”