Application of solid oxide fuel cell technology for power generation—A review

Choudhury, Arnab; Chandra, H.; Aravind, Arun

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.031

Cited by 557 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…However, refueling of hydrogen is a major obstacle for the deployment of fuel cell vehicles owing to the lack of infrastructure [3]. Onboard hydrogen production by a processing system which converts liquid hydrocarbon fuels into hydrogen is a practical solution [4,5]. Among various fuels, methanol receives attention for onboard processing applications because: (a) It is easy to handle and store; (b) It can be extracted from renewable sources and it is biodegradable; (c) Its reforming temperature is relatively low compared to the other fuels; and (d) Its tendency to form coke during reforming is low due to the high H/C ratio [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Copper and Palladium Based Catalysts for Methanol Steam Reforming to Produce Hydrogen

Shuai

2017

Catalysts

109

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Abstract:Methanol steam reforming is a promising technology for producing hydrogen for onboard fuel cell applications. The methanol conversion rate and the contents of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the reformate, significantly depend on the reforming catalyst. Copper-based catalysts and palladium-based catalysts can effectively convert methanol into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Copper and palladium-based catalysts with different formulations and compositions have been thoroughly investigated in the literature. This work summarized the development of the two groups of catalysts for methanol steam reforming. Interactions between the activity components and the supports as well as the effects of different promoters were discussed. Compositional and morphological characteristics, along with the methanol steam reforming performances of different Cu/ZnO and Pd/ZnO catalysts promoted by Al 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , ZrO 2 or other metal oxides, were reviewed and compared. Moreover, the reaction mechanism of methanol steam reforming over the copper based and palladium based catalysts were discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Copper and Palladium Based Catalysts for Methanol Steam Reforming to Produce Hydrogen

Shuai

2017

Catalysts

109

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“…Conventional SOFCs utilize a thin layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the ceramic electrolyte and a porous, heterogeneous mixture of nickel (Ni) and YSZ for a cermet anode [1]. The widespread adoption of this design is due to its numerous advantages including high conversion efficiencies, which reach up to 60% for standalone fuel cells and up to 80% with co-generation [2]. Additionally, SOFCs benefit from the ability to directly utilize hydrocarbon fuels through internal reforming and exhibit greatly reduced carbon emissions compared to internal combustion [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase wettability and microstructural evolution in solid oxide fuel cell anode materials

et al. 2014

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Recent experimental and theoretical findings suggest that high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) often suffer from performance degradation due to coarsening of the metallic-phase particles within the anode. In this study, we explore the feasibility of improving the microstructural stability of SOFC anode materials by tuning the contact angle between the metallic phase and electrolyte particles. To this end, a continuum diffuse-interface model is employed to capture the coarsening behavior of the metallic phase and simulate a range of equilibrium contact angles. The evolution of performance-critical, microstructural features is presented for varying degrees of phase wettability. It is found that both the density of electrochemically active triple-phase regions and contiguity of the electron-conducting phase display undesirable minima near the contact angle of conventional SOFC materials. Our results suggest that tailoring the interfacial properties of the constituent phases could lead to a significant increase in the performance and lifetime of SOFCs.

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“…The heat produced in the electrical generation process is recovered and used in applications such as space heating or domestic hot water (DHW). Depending on the prime mover technology and the extent of waste heat utilisation, system efficiency can be elevated from as low as 20% to over 90% [1]. CHP in domestic buildings is often referred to as mCHP and is commonly defined as anything with a power output of less than 5kW e .…”

Section: Micro-combined Heat and Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Improved system efficiency, otherwise wasted heat is utilised , therefore system efficiency can be elevated from as low as 30-50% in central power stations to around 70 -90% [1]. Figure 1 illustrates the potential efficiency gains possible when switching from centralised to decentralised energy generation with mCHP.…”

Section: Micro-combined Heat and Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission and economic performance assessment of a solid oxide fuel cell micro-combined heat and power system in a domestic building

Elmer

Worall

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Saffa (2015) Emission and economic performance assessment of a solid oxide fuel cell microcombined heat and power system in a domestic building. Applied Thermal Engineering, 90 . pp. 1082-1089. ISSN 1873 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33102/1/REVISION%20ATE-2014-7542.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. This paper aims to assess the emission and economic performance of a commercially available solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mCHP system, operating at The University of Nottingham's Creative Energy Homes. The performance assessment evaluates, over a one year period, the associated carbon (emission assessment) and operational costs (economic assessment) of the SOFC mCHP case compared to a 'base case' of grid electricity and a highly efficient gas boiler.Results from the annual assessment show that that the SOFC mCHP system can generate annual emission reductions of up to 56% and cost reductions of 177% compared to the base case scenario. However support mechanisms such as; electrical export, feed in tariff and export tariff, are required in order to achieve this, the results are significantly less without. A net present value (NPV) analysis shows that the base case is still more profitable over a 15 year period, even though the SOFC mCHP system generates annual revenue; this is on account of the SOFC's high capital cost. In summary, grid interaction and incubator support is essential for significant annual emission and cost reductions compared to a grid electricity and gas boiler scenario. Currently capital cost is the greatest barrier to the economic viability of the system. KEYWORDS:Solid oxide fuel cell, micro-combined heat and power, domestic, emission, economic NOMENCLATURE Abbreviations CCGT = combined cycle gas turbine CHP = combined heat and power DB = DesignBuilder DEG = Decentralised energy generation DHW = domestic hot water H:P = Heat to power demand ratio mCHP = micro-combined heat and power PEMFC = proton exchange fuel cell SE = Stirling engine SOFC = solid oxide fuel cell SPBP = simple payback period Parameters and variables E d = Electrical demand (kWh) E SOFC = SOFC electrical output (kWh) E im = Imported electricity (kWh) E ex = Exported electricity (kWh) Q d = Thermal demand (kWh) Q SOFC = SOFC thermal output (kWh) α E = Electricity cost (£ / kWh) α NG...

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Application of solid oxide fuel cell technology for power generation—A review

Cited by 557 publications

References 63 publications

Review on Copper and Palladium Based Catalysts for Methanol Steam Reforming to Produce Hydrogen

Review on Copper and Palladium Based Catalysts for Methanol Steam Reforming to Produce Hydrogen

Phase wettability and microstructural evolution in solid oxide fuel cell anode materials

Emission and economic performance assessment of a solid oxide fuel cell micro-combined heat and power system in a domestic building

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