Application of Stripping Analysis to the Trace Determination of Tin.

Phillips, S.L.; Shain, Irving.

doi:10.1021/ac60182a034

Cited by 41 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Electrochemical stripping analysis has been employed for tin determination by several workers. Anodic stripping voltammetry at a mercury electrode gave detection limits in the region of 10 27 M. 13,14 Recently, the application of adsorptive stripping voltammetry for the determination of tin at various electrodes has also been reported, with detection limits ranging from 2 3 10 210 to 2 3 10 25 M. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In spite of the increasing importance of the chemically modified electrode (CME) as an electroanalytical tool, our literature search (not exhaustive) turned up only two reports employing CMEs for tin determination, both using a batch system. Yang et al 22 used a Nafion film modified glassy carbon electrode for preconcentration of Sn(IV) by cation exchange, followed by cathodic stripping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Determination of trace tin in flow systems at an epoxy–carbon powder–8-hydroxyquinoline composite electrode

Khoo

2000

Analyst

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An epoxy-carbon powder composite electrode bulk modified with 8-hydroxyquinoline was fabricated for the continuous flow and flow injection anodic differential pulse voltammetric determinations of Sn(II) after open circuit preconcentration. Factors affecting Sn(II) determination were systematically investigated and an optimized procedure was developed. Under the optimized conditions for the continuous flow system with 10 min accumulation, the calibration plot was linear from 5.00 3 10 29 to 1.00 3 10 26 M and a detection limit of 4.6 3 10 210 M (0.055 ppb, S/N = 3) was found. For six consecutive differential pulse stripping experiments each of Sn(II) concentrations of 5.00 3 10 29 , 5.00 3 10 28 and 5.00 3 10 27 M (10 min accumulations), relative standard deviations of 9.68, 7.45 and 3.38%, respectively, were obtained. For the flow injection mode, a detection limit of 5.4 ng (500 ml injection of 0.91 3 10 28 M, S/N = 3) was achieved. Selected metal ions and other substances were investigated for interferences. The developed method was tested with a spiked United States Environmental Protection Agency water quality control sample (USEPA WP 386) and then applied to the determinations of tin in human hair, canned fruit juice and spiked sea-water samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Determination of trace tin in flow systems at an epoxy–carbon powder–8-hydroxyquinoline composite electrode

Khoo

2000

Analyst

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“…The stripping voltammetry of tin is complicated by the presence of other electroactive metals in the sample and its complex electrochemistry that involves its tendency to polymerize and hydrolyze. Phillips and Shain [23] circumvented these problems by using a supporting electrolyte of 1.2 M HCl for the determination of tin in complex alloys and steel samples. DeMars [24] used an electrolyte containing 0.10 M ammonium thiocyanate and 0.020 M pyrogallol for the determination of tin and indium in binary alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of the Bismuth Film Electrode for the Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Tin

Prior

Walker

2006

Electroanalysis

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Bismuth coated glassy carbon electrodes have been applied to the square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) of trace concentrations of tin. Optimization of Bismuth Film Electrode (BFE) performance was conducted after initial comparison with the more traditional mercury electrode. Simultaneous deposition of tin and bismuth at À 1.3 V for 2 minutes in a supporting electrolyte of 2.5 M sodium bromide utilizing a square-wave stripping step, allowed analysis of tin at the mg L À1 level. Parameters, such as deposition potential and time, bismuth concentration, square-waveform settings including amplitude, step height and frequency were studied and optimized. The dependence of stripping current on deposition time indicates that using longer deposition time should facilitate sub mg L À1 analysis. Tin was analyzed simultaneously with cadmium and either indium or thallium; Where as lead and copper were not resolved from the stripping peaks of tin and bismuth respectively. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of tin in fruit juice.

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“…A typical cyclic voltammogram obtained at HDME in 1.2 M HCI containing Sn(IV) and Pb(II) at 2 X 1 and 2 X 10"6 molar concentration, respectively, is shown in Figure 1A. The cathodic portion of the voltammogram shows, around -0.3 V vs. SCE, a broad ill-defined, peak-shaped curve (ß ) which can be attributed to the reduction process Sn(IV) -*• Sn(II) which is known (12) to proceed irreversibly. The sharp peak (a2), observed around -0.5 V, results (12) from the overlap of the reduction processes for Sn(II) -Sn(Hg) and Pb(II) -Pb(Hg).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Sn(II) -Sn(IV) process cannot be recorded (12) because it takes place at more positive potential values than for the oxidation of mercury. The tin-lead interference is common to any acidic matrix including real samples normally treated by a strong acid before being analyzed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of tin and lead at the parts-per-billion level by coupling differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry with a matrix exchange method

Desimoni¹,

Palmisano²,

Sabbatini³

1980

Anal. Chem.

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Application of Stripping Analysis to the Trace Determination of Tin.

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Determination of trace tin in flow systems at an epoxy–carbon powder–8-hydroxyquinoline composite electrode

Determination of trace tin in flow systems at an epoxy–carbon powder–8-hydroxyquinoline composite electrode

The Use of the Bismuth Film Electrode for the Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Tin

Simultaneous determination of tin and lead at the parts-per-billion level by coupling differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry with a matrix exchange method

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