An expansion chamber is frequently used as an acoustics silencer for the control of duct-borne noise in ventilation systems. The flow of air and the effect of sound pressure may cause the vibration of the end plates of the expansion chamber and in turn will influence the performance (usually in terms of the transmission loss (TL)) of the expansion chamber. By combining the plate bending element and the plane stress element, BEM (for acoustics systems) and FEM (for the structure analysis) are applied to predict the performance of the expansion muffler. A method for calculating the TL for acoustics silencer using BEM-FEM coupled model is therefore presented, and an improved method based on the four-pole parameters used in the BEM is obtained.
Keywords: expansion chamber, silencer, performance, transmission loss
INTRODUCTIONDespite the benefits of thermal comfort provided by air-conditioning systems, there is an increasing concern about the noise produced by air duct systems. There are basically two types of noise control methods used in air duct systems, passive control and active control methods. The passive noise control method usually takes two forms. One is by means of viscous dissipative materials in the air duct system and the other one is by means of wave reflection by discontinuity of impedance, i.e. the expansion muffler. In order to simplify the study of the performance of the expansion muffler, the vibrating effects of the duct walls and the end plates of the expansion chamber were ignored in past works 1~3 . However, previous works suggested 4,5 that the sidewalls and the end plate of expansion chamber element should be considered as vibratory shell elements so that cavity and shell structure may interact with each other. The prediction of the performance of the expansion chamber in terms of Transmission Loss (TL) will be affected by the vibration of the duct walls and the end plate of the expansion chamber.It is known 6,7 that the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is reasonably accurate for predicting the performance of the expansion muffler with rigid duct walls. In order predict the performance of an expansion muffler with flexible duct walls in terms of TL numerically, it is necessary to consider the discretization of the muffler's structure using a coupled BEM-FEM model. By matching nodes of BEM and FEM, linear triangular boundary elements can be used to discretize Helmholtz's integral equation, and a triangular flat shell element can be created by combining a flat bending element and a plane stress element. The BEM and FEM based on the unite segmentation element can then be coupled.