Application of the mechanical ventilation in elevator shaft space to mitigate stack effect under operation stage in high-rise buildings

Song, Doosam; Lim, Hyunwoo; Lee, Joonghoon; Seo, Jungmin

doi:10.1177/1420326x13480055

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…where P g is the partial pressure of dry air, Pa; P q is the partial pressure of water vapour, Pa and T is air temperature, K.P g was determined by equations (3) and (4).…”

Section: Outline Of Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Such high constructions may pose tough challenges due to the stack effect, leading to an increase in building energy consumption, an adverse effect on indoor thermal comfort and the difficulty in opening staircase doors, among others. 2–5 Particularly, the extremely low outdoor temperature in severe cold regions and the much great building height of super high-rises would very likely aggravate the stack effect. Few studies, however, have focused on these supertall dwellings in a severely cold climate condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on the stack effect of a super high-rise residential building in a severe cold region in China

Man

et al. 2019

Indoor and Built Environment

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A recent trend in China has seen super high-rise residential buildings spreading to severe cold regions. These buildings face tough challenges concerning building energy consumption and the thermal environment due to their stack effect. The stack effect is greatly influenced by air infiltration, but current guidance on component airtightness is often neither specific nor consistent for different buildings. This paper presents field measurements and numerical simulations of airtightness performance and stack pressure distribution for a a 106.7-m high-rise residential building in Harbin, Northeast China. An airtightness field test was performed using the fan pressurisation method, and measured values were utilised as the input data for predictions. The numerical analysis was implemented by applying CONTAMW, and the simulation results were compared to measurement data. The results demonstrated that the measured components were all leakier than the current standards allow. The greatest stack pressure difference on the ground floor reached 51.5 Pa, considered a severe stack effect. Furthermore, the influences of the location and airtightness of different staircase doorways on the stack effect were studied and analysed. This research assists in clarifying the significance of building airtightness in cold climates and in reducing the stack effect of high-rise buildings.

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“…where P g is the partial pressure of dry air, Pa; P q is the partial pressure of water vapour, Pa and T is air temperature, K.P g was determined by equations (3) and (4).…”

Section: Outline Of Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the stack effect of a super high-rise residential building in a severe cold region in China

Man

et al. 2019

Indoor and Built Environment

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“…Airflows in high-rise buildings affect indoor environments, air quality, and cooling and heating energy consumption [1]. There is a strong airflow through the doors [2], sometimes preventing elevator and front doors from opening and closing [3]. The airflow results in unpleasant noises [4], the diffusion of smoke [5], odors [6], pollutants [7], and viruses [8], and an increase in heating loads [9] on some floors.…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Draft Load Coefficient for Heating Load Differences Caused by Stack-Driven Infiltration by Floor in Multifamily High-Rise Buildings

et al. 2022

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The stack effect is dominant in multifamily high-rise buildings (MFHRBs) in winter because of the considerable height of MFHRBs, which causes a difference in the infiltration amount between floors. This difference causes a heating load difference between floors in a MFHRB. However, there are no indicators to quantify the heating load differences in previous studies. In this article, an indicator—the thermal draft load coefficient (TDLC)—is proposed that can be used to estimate and evaluate the differences between floors in a MFHRB. The TDLC is built on a theoretical model of the stack effect and leakage area of the airflow paths, considering the entire building airflow in a MFHRB. The theoretical model was validated by comparison with a simulation model. The winter average coefficient of variation of the root mean square error and the normalized mean bias error of the theoretical model were acceptable (17.1% and 9.3%, respectively). The TDLC resulted in a maximum of 2.5 and a minimum of approximately 0.1 in the target MFHRB. The TDLC can pre-evaluate the load difference in the building design stage and can be utilized to build design standards or guidelines.

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“…The remarkable features and the confirmed stack effect of the atrium make it significantly different from a small enclosure in fire detection, control and extinction. [1][2][3][4] In most atria, the smoke is often exhausted through the roof by natural or mechanical exhaust system whose objective is to drive the smoke out and increase the escape time in case of a fire. 5 However, it is difficult to manage the smoke movement through conventional smoke exhaust systems in atria, especially with the restriction of complying with the existing prescriptive fire codes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametrization of the fire-smoke exhaust system for a large and high-rise atrium in Shanghai through salt-bath experiment

Wang

Gui

Gao

et al. 2016

Indoor and Built Environment

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Present specifications in Building Codes in China lack design parameters for smoke exhaust for large and high-rise atrium in buildings. An investigation of natural smoke filling and parametrization of fire-smoke exhaust in an atrium building in Shanghai was conducted based on salt-bath experiment, due to dynamic analogy between thermal smoke movement in air and brine dispersion in water. To obtain a small, scaled-down version of an atrium with a high polyfoam fire up to 1 MW, the brine-bath experiment was conducted with calcium chloride for small strength fire in small-space rooms, to demonstrate the natural smoke filling within the atrium. The interface height and filling time derived was highly comparable to those obtained by empirical equations. The results of computational fluid dynamics simulations agreed well with the salt-bath experiments. The evacuation time was also calculated with a dimensionless interface height of 0.2 to determine whether there was sufficient time for occupants to escape. The smoke filling process under mechanical smoke exhaust was also investigated by experiments, to parametrize the fire smoke exhaust system in the atrium. The optimal smoke exhaust level, natural and mechanical make-up level were determined and were recommended as the design parameters for the construction of atrium in buildings.

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Application of the mechanical ventilation in elevator shaft space to mitigate stack effect under operation stage in high-rise buildings

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

A study on the stack effect of a super high-rise residential building in a severe cold region in China

A study on the stack effect of a super high-rise residential building in a severe cold region in China

Thermal Draft Load Coefficient for Heating Load Differences Caused by Stack-Driven Infiltration by Floor in Multifamily High-Rise Buildings

Parametrization of the fire-smoke exhaust system for a large and high-rise atrium in Shanghai through salt-bath experiment

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