Application of the slurry technique to biological materials: a survey of literature

Benzo, Zully; Velosa, M.; Ceccarelli, Claudio; Guárdia, Miguel de la; Salvador, Amparo

doi:10.1007/bf00325744

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the slurry sampling technique, all sampling operations have to be performed with care to obtain a representative sample and to reduce the sampling uncertainty to a minimum [42].…”

Section: Sub-sample Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Cd and Pb in food slurries by GFAAS using cryogenic grinding for sample preparation

Santos¹,

Barbosa²,

Tomazelli³

et al. 2002

Anal Bioanal Chem

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A simple method combining slurry sampling after cryogenic grinding and the use of a permanent modification of the integrated platform inside the transversely heated graphite atomizer (THGA) was proposed for the determination of Cd and Pb in foods. Potentialities of the cryogenic grinding were evaluated for grinding different materials of difficult homogenization such as high fat and high fiber tissues. Animal and vegetal samples were cut into small pieces and ground in liquid nitrogen for 2 min. Slurries were prepared directly in the autosampler cup after cryogenic grinding by transferring an exact amount of homogeneous powdered material (5-20 mg) to the cup, followed by 1.00 mL of 0.2% (v/v) HNO3 containing 0.04% (v/v) Triton X-100 and sonication for 30 s, before transferring into the platform previously coated with 250 microg W and 200 microg Rh. Use of a tungsten carbide-rhodium permanent modifier combined with NH4H2PO4 conventional modifier improves tube lifetime and increases the pyrolysis temperature for Cd. Homogeneity tests, carried out by comparing the between- and within-batch precision for each kind of sample, showed no significant differences at the 95% confidence level, indicating good homogeneity for 5-20 mg masses. Detection limits were 3.3 ng g(-1) Cd and 75 ng g(-1) Pb for 1% m/v slurries. Results for determination of Cd and Pb in foods slurries were in agreement with those obtained with digested samples, since no statistical differences were found by the paired t-test at the 95% level.

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“…In the slurry sampling technique, all sampling operations have to be performed with care to obtain a representative sample and to reduce the sampling uncertainty to a minimum [42].…”

Section: Sub-sample Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Cd and Pb in food slurries by GFAAS using cryogenic grinding for sample preparation

Santos¹,

Barbosa²,

Tomazelli³

et al. 2002

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Ao se introduzir a amostra na forma de suspensão, evita-se muitos dos problemas associados à amostragem direta de sólidos, tais como, geração de absorção de fundo devido à absorção molecular e espalhamento de radiação por partículas da matriz 50 , o estabelecimento de uma calibração 52,53 com padrões sólidos, a disponibilidade destes padrões 52 e a dificuldade de se obter uma porção representativa da amostra 11,50 , implicando em repetidas micropesagens para uma única análise.…”

Section: Preparo Da Suspensão / Introdução Da Amostraunclassified

“…A distribuição não-homogênea do analito no material sólido e os erros associados à pesagem e operação de transferência na amostragem direta de sólidos são minimizados na amostragem de suspensões 54 . Isso mostra que, embora a mesma exatidão seja obtida, a técnica de amostragem de suspensões é mais precisa do que a amostragem direta de sólidos 52 .…”

Section: Preparo Da Suspensão / Introdução Da Amostraunclassified

“…A quantidade de material sólido que é pesado depende da concentração do analito e do volume final da diluição da suspensão. Para amostras difíceis de se homogeneizar, consegue-se melhorar a precisão quando se aumenta a massa da amostra 52 . Logo após o preparo da suspensão, a amostra sólida deve estar distribuída igualmente no volume do líquido.…”

Section: Preparo Da Suspensão / Introdução Da Amostraunclassified

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Amostragem de suspensões: Emprego da técnica na análise direta de amostras

Magalhães

Arruda²

1998

Quím. Nova

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CP 6154-13.083-970-Campinas-SP Recebido em 22/7/97; aceito em 23/1/98 SLURRY SAMPLING: THE TECHNIQUE EMPLOYMENT IN THE DIRECT SAMPLE ANALYSIS. This review presents some characteristics related to slurry sampling in trace analysis in terms of its advantages, limitations and applications, as well as the latest advance in this area, such as mechanization, chemical modifiers, stabilization agents and others. The reviewed applications include foods, biological and geological materials.

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“…In mon i tor ing and health risk eval u a tion pro grams, the num ber of en vi ron men tal and bi o log i cal sam ples is of ten high, and the sam ple prep a ra tion steps be come a lim it ing fac tor for anal y sis, mainly in terms of the time re quired and prob lems of con tam i na tion. Slurry sam pling is a good choice for cir cum vent ing these prob lems, and this technique has been suc cess fully used for di rect in tro duc tion of sam ples in atomic spec trom e try [5][6][7] and in tro duced di rectly into the at om iza tion sys tem by means of flow in jec tion systems 8,9 . In some in stances, how ever, the el e ments to be deter mined are not eas ily at om ized from solid par ti cles be cause of the com plex ity of the ma trix, and a pre-treatment step is re quired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line microwave-assisted sample decomposition for lead determination in fish slurry samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Arruda¹,

Fostier²,

Krug³

1997

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um procedimento FIA envolvendo decomposição em linha auxiliada por microondas foi proposto para a determinação de chumbo em peixes por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica. Um vol ume de 300 µL da amostra em forma de suspensão foi injetado simultaneamente com 400 µL de ácido nítrico (6 mol L-1), e a mistura foi dirigida para um reator tu bu lar posicionado dentro do forno de microondas. A amostra processada foi coletada em uma cubeta do amostrador de um espectrômetro de absorção atômica com forno de grafite. A curva analítica mostrou-se lin ear en tre 2,5 e 25,0 µg L-1 Pb e o limite de detecção foi determinado como 0,72 µg L-1. A precisão, expressa em desvio padrão relativo, foi de 10,5% (n = 20) para repetibilidade e de 14,3% (n = 10) para reprodutibilidade. A exatidão do método foi confirmada empregando-se um ma te rial de referência e comparando-se os resultados obtidos com um procedimento envolvendo decomposição nítrico-perclórica. An on-line mi cro wave-assisted de com po si tion pro ce dure for the de ter mi na tion of lead in fish is pro posed. 300 µL slurry and 400 µL of a 6 mol L-1 HNO3 so lu tion were si mul ta neously in jected, and the mix ture was po si tioned in side a mi cro wave oven. The de com posed sam ple inside the flush ing so lu tion was col lected in the autosampler cup of a graph ite fur nace. The proposed pro ce dure cov ered the 2.5 to 25 µg L-1 Pb range and pre sented a de tec tion limit of 0.72 µg L-1 Pb. Pre ci sion ex pressed as RSD, was 10.5% (n = 20) for re peat abil ity and 14.3% (n = 10) for reproducibility. Ac cu racy was as sessed us ing stan dard ref er ence ma te rial, and also by comparing the re sults to a ni tric-perchloric de com po si tion pro ce dure.

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Application of the slurry technique to biological materials: a survey of literature

Cited by 29 publications

References 40 publications

Determination of Cd and Pb in food slurries by GFAAS using cryogenic grinding for sample preparation

Determination of Cd and Pb in food slurries by GFAAS using cryogenic grinding for sample preparation

Amostragem de suspensões: Emprego da técnica na análise direta de amostras

On-line microwave-assisted sample decomposition for lead determination in fish slurry samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

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