Application of the somatic marker hypothesis to individual differences in decision making

Suzuki, Atsunobu; Hirota, Akira; Takasawa, Noriyoshi; Shigemasu, Kazuo

doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(03)00093-0

Cited by 67 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Accordingly, individuals who show poor or absent appraisal physiology should be unable to develop anticipatory somatic markers to guide future decisions, and thus exhibit impaired decision-making. Consistent with this, Suzuki, Hirota, Takasawa and Shigemase (2003) found, in a population of 40 healthy individuals, that low appraisal SCRs in response to early trials were related to persistence in selecting risky choices on later trials. However, despite the existence of greater magnitude anticipatory SCRs in response to risky choices, the expected relationship between anticipatory SCRs and performance was not supported, nor was there evidence of anticipatory SCR development over time.…”

Section: Does Physiological Reactivity Guide Decisions?supporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Real Versus Facsimile Moneymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this in mind, it is non-trivial that the original gambling task involves players using facsimile or play Autonomic arousal during good and bad decisions 6 money, whereas other researchers have altered this to using real money (e.g. Schmitt, Brinkley, & Newman, 1999;Bowman & Turnbull, 2003;Suzuki et al 2003).Bowman and Turnbull (2003) compared the effect of using real versus facsimile money during the gambling task. No significant differences were found as a consequence of money type; however, a non-significant variation between the two healthy groups' performance indicated steep avoidance of bad decks following substantial losses in the real money condition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas Damasio (1994) claims somatic markers are crucial in guiding decisions, other researchers (e.g. Schmitt et al 1999;North & O'Carroll, 2001;Tomb et al 2002;O'Carroll & Papps, 2003;Suzuki et al 2003;Maia & McClelland, 2004) have failed to support the SMH's assumptions.This study aimed to clarify previously inconsistent findings. The study concentrated on the following questions: (i) does autonomic activity distinguish normal and impaired performance on the IGT in healthy individuals, (ii) does the use of real and facsimile money affect IGT performance and autonomic when there is no financial incentive, and (iii) does impulsiveness affect healthy individuals' IGT performance and autonomic activity?…”

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confidence: 99%

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Does Autonomic Arousal Distinguish Good and Bad Decisions?

Jenkinson¹,

Baker

Edelstyn³

et al. 2008

Journal of Psychophysiology

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The Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH) proposes that physiological feedback to the brain influences cognitive appraisal and decision-making; however, the strength of evidence in support of the SMH is equivocal. In this study we examined the validity of the SMH by measuring physiological arousal in a population of healthy individuals playing the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT); a computerised card game designed to assess real-life decisionmaking. We also aimed to clarify uncertainty regarding the influence of reinforcer type and impulsiveness to IGT performance and the SMH. Skin conductance level (SCL) and heart rate reactivity were measured in forty-one participants performing the IGT using either facsimile or real money. Participants were categorised as non-impaired or impaired on the basis of their IGT performance, and any differences in performance and physiological between groups were examined. Heart rate data did not reveal any effects. Robust differences in SCL reactivity during the task were not found between impaired and nonimpaired individuals; however, marginal SCL rises were observed when non-impaired individuals anticipated and received a reward from disadvantageous choices compared with advantageous ones. This effect was found only when using facsimile money and did not occur in impaired individuals, suggesting some effect of reinforcer type on physiological activity and performance, and a difference in the physiology of impaired and non-impaired individuals. No significant differences in impulsiveness were found between impaired and non-impaired individuals. The findings suggest that autonomic activity is independent of long-term good or bad decision-making, and may reflect differences between decks in the magnitude of gain and loss. It is concluded that further substantiating evidence is needed for the SMH to continue as an explanation for human decision-making.Autonomic arousal during good and bad decisions 3 Does autonomic arousal distinguish good and bad decision-making? Healthy individuals' skin conductance and heart rate reactivity during the Iowa Gambling Task Since its introduction less than 15 years ago, the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH) (Damasio, 1994;Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994) has quickly become an influential account of human decision-making. The central proposal of the SMH is that physiological states of the body (somatic state) act to guide decisions. When a decision must be made, factual information regarding the possible response options and their likely outcomes is recalled; associated with each response option outcome is a somatic state, which represents the physiological response of the body to the given situation. When considering which response option to pursue, somatic states mark the 'goodness' or 'badness' of each outcome based on the consequences of previous encounters with the same or similar situations. These somatic markers thereby assist decision-making by rapidly rejecting bad choices and endorsing good ones, making the accompanying logic-based, cost-...

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Section: Does Physiological Reactivity Guide Decisions?supporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Real Versus Facsimile Moneymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Does Autonomic Arousal Distinguish Good and Bad Decisions?

Jenkinson¹,

Baker

Edelstyn³

et al. 2008

Journal of Psychophysiology

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show abstract

“…Campbell, Stout, & Finn, 2004;Davis et al, 2007;Petry, Bickel, & Arnett, 1998;Suzuki, Hirota, Takasawa, & Shigemasu, 2003). Diversos estudos (e.g.…”

Section: Utilização De Reforçomentioning

confidence: 99%

O Iowa Gambling Task: uma revisão crítica

Areias

Paixão

Figueira

2013

Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.

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RESUMO -O Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) é uma tarefa amplamente utilizada na avaliação da capacidade de tomada de decisão. Neste artigo, procede-se à revisão da literatura, comparando-se as versões do IGT, as diferentes medidas de avaliação do desempenho e as alterações introduzidas nos procedimentos, nomeadamente no feedback, na aleatorização espacial dos baralhos, no número de ensaios e de cartas por baralho, nas instruções, na remuneração e na manipulação das recompensas e punições. Desta análise, conclui-se que as diversas versões da tarefa, as alterações nos procedimentos de aplicação e as diferentes medidas utilizadas na avaliação têm impacto no desempenho, prejudicam a comparação entre estudos e as generalizações dos resultados. Finalmente, apresentam-se sugestões para uma maior adequação dos procedimentos. Palavras-chave: Iowa Gambling Task, tomada de decisão, feedback, recompensas, puniçõesThe Iowa Gambling Task: A Critical Revision ABSTRACT -The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a widely used task in the assessment of the decision-making ability. In this article, we conduct a literature review by comparing IGT versions, different performance assessment measures, and changes to procedures including feedback, spatial randomization of decks, number of trials, number of cards per deck, instructions, payment, and rewards and punishments. On basis of this analysis, we conclude that different versions of the task, changes in application procedures and different measures used to assess the task have an impact on performance, thereby affecting comparison among studies and generalization of results. Finally, we offer suggestions to define adequate procedures.

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Subjective valuation and asymmetrical motivational systems: implications of scope insensitivity for decision making

Desmeules

Bechara

Dubé

2007

Behavioral Decision Making

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Studies using the Iowa Gambling Task have revealed individual differences in performance on the task. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that approach and avoidance motivations influence decision making through the process of subjective valuation. We examined the implications of a high sensitivity to gains or losses from two perspectives which we labeled scalar multiplication and valuation by feeling. Using two versions of the Iowa Gambling Task, we find evidence supporting the view that asymmetry in the systems regulating approach and avoidance leads to systematic biases that translate to differences in performance. Specifically, we find that high sensitivity in the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) translates to valuation by feeling and insensitivity to scope in the domain of gains, while high sensitivity in the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) translates to valuation by feeling and insensitivity to scope in the domain of losses. The basis for these findings is discussed.

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Application of the somatic marker hypothesis to individual differences in decision making

Cited by 67 publications

References 13 publications

Does Autonomic Arousal Distinguish Good and Bad Decisions?

Does Autonomic Arousal Distinguish Good and Bad Decisions?

O Iowa Gambling Task: uma revisão crítica

Subjective valuation and asymmetrical motivational systems: implications of scope insensitivity for decision making

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