Application of ultrafiltration integrated with coagulation for improved NOM removal

Application of coagulation–ultrafiltration hybrid process for drinking water treatment: Optimization of operating conditions using experimental design

“…Surprisingly both results were corresponding to FRT of minimum level (5 min), suggesting that within this shortest flocculation time, the micro-flocs have already grown large enough to be excluded by the membrane. This finding suggests that the integrated UF membrane process with precoagulation, removed NOM substances more efficiently than results previously reported by Qin et al [26] (59.5%), Xia et al [27] (47%) and Kabsch-Korbutowicz et al [28] (66.2%). However experiment done by Pikkarainen et al [29] indicated maximum TOC removal that amounted to 78% but this result was obtained with metal salt coagulant of higher dose.…”

“…the specific cake resistance was decreasing while TOC removal was increasing, with increasing dosage of coagulants [10,28,30]. In the case of interaction effect between SUVA and pH (Fig.…”

Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of aluminum sulfate with cationic polyamidine as coagulant aid for kaolin-humic acid treatment

“…Humic acid (HA) as the main fraction of humic substances is the important component of natural organic matter (NOM) [1] in surface water, which can cause odor, taste, color and bacterial re-growth in potable water [2]. Moreover, HA can react with disinfectant to produce genotoxic and cytotoxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during drinking water treatment [3].…”

Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of polytitanium tetrachloride (PTC) compared with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and iron salts in humic acid–kaolin synthetic water treatment

“…Natural organic matter (NOM) is generally composed of a variety of organic compounds with a wide range of molecular weights [1]. It has been found to be responsible for odour, taste, colour and bacterial regrowth in potable water and has also the potential to form carcinogenic disinfection-by-products (DBPs) [2].…”