“…Table 6 summarizes the venues and objectives of virtual reality applications in each festival featured in the articles. The objectives of virtual reality applications identified from the articles are classified into five types: (i) cultural education, where virtual reality is used to aid cultural education in relation to the festival [69,80]; (ii) festival promotion, where virtual reality is used as a promotional tool to attract festivalgoers to attend the festivals [68,73,77,79,81]; and (iii) preservation of intangible cultural heritage, where virtual reality is used to preserve intangible cultural heritage associated or delivered through the festivals [65,[76][77][78]; (iv) virtual reality as part of the festival programs, where some of the festival programs or activities are delivered using virtual reality [67, 68, 70-72, 74, 75, 81]; and (v) co-creation of festival experience, where virtual reality is used to facilitate interactions among festival attendees, performers, and producers [66,82,83]. Comparing the studies conducted before and during COVID-19, prior to the pandemic, virtual reality mainly served as a promotional tool for consumers to experience the festival before making a purchase or as part of the festival program to enhance consumers' enjoyment of the on-site festival.…”