Application of virus-induced gene silencing for identification of FHB resistant genes

Integrated metabolo‐transcriptomics and functional characterization reveals that the wheat auxin receptor TIR1 negatively regulates defense against Fusarium graminearum

“…Many studies have assessed how disease resistance-related SA signal transduction affects the expression of genes such as NPR1, TGA2, WRKY29, WRKY45, and PR1, and studies have showed that NPR1, TGA2, and WRKY29 enhance FHB resistance in wheat (Makandar et al, 2006;Vlot et al, 2009;Su et al, 2018;Sarowar et al, 2019). Methyl JA application can reduce FHB severity prior to F. graminearum inoculation in FHBsusceptible wheat landrace Y1193-6 (Li and Yen, 2008), and JA pathway genes (e.g., TaAOC, TaAOS, and TaOPR3) have been shown to positively regulate FHB resistance (Fan et al, 2018). In addition, JA has been reported to play an important role during the early stages of F. graminearum infection.…”

“…Other studies have shown that OsTIR1 regulates OsIAA10‐ mediated responses to pathogen infection (Jin et al, 2016). It is well documented that TIR1 utilizes diverse auxins as part of the SCF TIR1/AFB ‐Aux/IAA complex, which mediates Aux/IAA degradation to release bound auxin response factors and ultimately regulates auxin‐regulated gene transcription (Dharmasiri et al, 2005; Dos Santos Maraschin et al, 2009). We found that expression of genes, including AUX/IAA , ARF , GH3 , and SAUR , was altered in TaTIR1 knockdown plants, suggesting that TaTIR1 regulates these genes and thereby affects FHB resistance.…”

“…The Transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) protein is part of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SCF TIR1/AFB that mediates Aux/IAA degradation and auxin‐regulated transcription (Dharmasiri et al, 2005; Dos Santos Maraschin et al, 2009). In Arabidopsis , TIR1 promotes lateral root development via NAC1 transduction (Xie et al, 2000), and nitric oxide (NO) stimulates the transport inhibitor response 1/auxin signaling F‐box ( TIR1/AFB)– auxin/indole‐3‐acetic acid (Aux/IAA) interaction to modulate auxin‐dependent gene expression (Terrile et al, 2012).…”

The Black Necrotic Lesion Enhanced Fusarium graminearum Resistance in Wheat

“…Transient silencing of key genes in the SA pathway was carried out using the barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing system ( Yuan et al, 2011 ; Fan et al, 2019 ). Briefly, the specific short fragments of TaICS1 , TaPAL2 , TaNPR1 , TaNPR2 , and TaNPR3 were obtained from the cDNA of Sumai 3 using corresponding primer pairs, respectively ( Supplementary Table 3 ).…”

“…At 7–10 DAI, the tobacco leaves with mosaic spots were harvested and ground in the pH 7.2 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) containing 1% celite. The leaf sap was mechanically rub-inoculated onto the flag leaves of Sumai 3 ( Fan et al, 2019 ). The transcript abundances of target genes were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and 18S rRNA was used as an internal control.…”