Applications and Biological Activity of Nanoparticles of Manganese and Manganese Oxides in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

The development of smart, efficient and multifunctional material systems for diseases treatment are imperative to meet current and future health challenges. Nanomaterials with theranostic properties have offered a cost effective and efficient solution for disease treatment, particularly, metal/oxide based nanotheranostic systems already offering therapeutic and imaging capabilities for cancer treatment. Nanoparticles can selectively generate/scavenge ROS through intrinsic or external stimuli to augment/diminish oxidative stress. An efficient treatment requires higher oxidative stress/toxicity in malignant disease, with a minimal level in surrounding normal cells. The size, shape and surface properties of nanoparticles are critical parameters for achieving a theranostic function in the microenvironment. In the last decade, different strategies for the synthesis of biocompatible theranostic nanostructures have been introduced. The exhibition of therapeutics properties such as selective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, hyperthermia, antibacterial, antiviral, and imaging capabilities such as MRI, CT and fluorescence activity have been reported in a variety of developed nanosystems to combat cancer, neurodegenerative and emerging infectious diseases. In this review article, theranostic in vitro behaviour in relation to the size, shape and synthesis methods of widely researched and developed nanosystems (Au, Ag, MnOx, iron oxide, maghemite quantum flakes, La2O3−x, TaOx, cerium nanodots, ITO, MgO1−x) are presented. In particular, ROS-based properties of the nanostructures in the microenvironment for cancer therapy are discussed. The provided overview of the biological behaviour of reported metal-based nanostructures will help to conceptualise novel designs and synthesis strategies for the development of advanced nanotheranostic systems.

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“…Significant dopaminergic, neurotoxicity, upregulation of genes involved in DA metabolism and PA pathogenesis [87,99].…”

Section: Cell Line Np Size Synthesis Methods Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In enzymatic activity, Mn +3 changes to Mn +2 during the dismutation of superoxide radicals into molecular oxygen, and catalysed by the SOD2 enzyme. Similarly, the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals dismutate into H 2 O 2 , and Mn +3 transforms into Mn +2 [ 87 , 88 ].

…”

Section: Manganese Oxide Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microenvironmental Behaviour of Nanotheranostic Systems for Controlled Oxidative Stress and Cancer Treatment

et al. 2022

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“…However, the variety of Mn oxidation states (from −3 to +7) possibly coexisting during construction and especially application of nanoparticles should be considered, as some oxidation forms can enter redox reactions in vivo more easily than the others. 198 The lack of long-term tolerance data on the Gd-free MRI contrast agents, which are currently under intensive scrutiny, clearly represents a challenge, and effective technologies for introducing these agents into theranostic systems are still to be developed. However, the extensive knowledge gained with conventional contrast media will not only facilitate this process but also help to clarify whether the use of the alternatives is justified.…”

Section: Toxicity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, Mn-nanoparticles become increasingly attractive due to literature data reporting good safety perspectives. However, the variety of Mn oxidation states (from −3 to +7) possibly coexisting during construction and especially application of nanoparticles should be considered, as some oxidation forms can enter redox reactions in vivo more easily than the others …”

Section: Toxicity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharide-Based Theranostic Systems for Combined Imaging and Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Challenges

Gupta

Sood

Fuhrer

et al. 2022

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Designing novel systems for efficient cancer treatment and improving the quality of life for patients is a prime requirement in the healthcare sector. In this regard, theranostics have recently emerged as a unique platform, which combines the benefits of both diagnosis and therapeutics delivery. Theranostics have the desired contrast agent and the drugs combined in a single carrier, thus providing the opportunity for real-time imaging to monitor the therapy results. This helps in reducing the hazards related to treatment overdose or underdose and gives the possibility of personalized therapy. Polysaccharides, as natural biomolecules, have been widely explored to develop theranostics, as they act as a matrix for simultaneously loading both contrast agents and drugs for their utility in drug delivery and imaging. Additionally, their remarkable physicochemical attributes (biodegradability, satisfactory safety profile, abundance, and diversity in functionality and charge) can be tuned via postmodification, which offers numerous possibilities to develop theranostics with desired characteristics. Hence, we provide an overview of recent advances in polysaccharide matrix-based theranostics for drug delivery combined with magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasound imaging. Herein, we also summarize the toxicity assessment of polysaccharides, associated contrast agents, and nanotoxicity along with the challenges and future research directions.

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“…Positron (E max = 1899 keV) PET Trace amount is required (nanomolar) [19] Radiations, limited spatial resolution (~ 6 mm), no lung morphology image [12] AuNP X-ray absorption CT Therapeutic effect (photothermal and radiosensitiser) [20,21] higher concentration required compared to other CAs [22 Toxicity of free ion [14] MnNP Shortening the T1 relaxation time of nearby water MRI Enhancement of photo-and chemotherapy [28] Neurotoxicity upon inhalation [29] I-CA X-ray absorption CT Low cost [30] IODINE sensitivity and high osmolality [30] address the challenges of pulmonary delivery for lung imaging, as well as the aerosol formulations that have been commercially approved or are still in development study. There have been reviews on the application of nano or microparticles for imaging diagnosis purposes (CT: [15,22]; MRI: [14,35,36]; PET: [37]; SPECT: [38,39]), but there is no review which discusses the application of aerosol for lung imaging.…”

Section: Gamentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosolised micro and nanoparticle: formulation and delivery method for lung imaging

Munir¹,

Setiawan²,

Awaludin³

et al. 2022

Clin Transl Imaging

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Purpose The application of contrast and tracing agents is essential for lung imaging, as indicated by the wide use in recent decades and the discovery of various new contrast and tracing agents. Different aerosol production and pulmonary administration methods have been developed to improve lung imaging quality. This review details and discusses the ideal characteristics of aerosol administered via pulmonary delivery for lung imaging and the methods for the production and pulmonary administration of dry or liquid aerosol. Methods We explored several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, while preparing this review to discover and obtain the abstracts, reports, review articles, and research papers related to aerosol delivery for lung imaging and the formulation and pulmonary delivery method of dry and liquid aerosol. The search terms used were "dry aerosol delivery", "liquid aerosol delivery", "MRI for lung imaging", "CT scan for lung imaging", "SPECT for lung imaging", "PET for lung imaging", "magnetic particle imaging", "dry powder inhalation", "nebuliser", and "pressurised metered-dose inhaler". Results Through the literature review, we found that the critical considerations in aerosol delivery for lung imaging are appropriate lung deposition of inhaled aerosol and avoiding toxicity. The important tracing agent was also found to be Technetium-99m ( 99m Tc), Gallium-68 ( 68 Ga) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION), while the essential contrast agents are gold, iodine, silver gadolinium, iron and manganese-based particles. The pulmonary delivery of such tracing and contrast agents can be performed using dry formulation (graphite ablation, spark ignition and spray dried powder) and liquid aerosol (nebulisation, pressurised metered-dose inhalation and air spray). Conclusion A dual-imaging modality with the combination of different tracing or contrast agents is a future development of aerosolised micro and nanoparticles for lung imaging to improve diagnosis success.

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Applications and Biological Activity of Nanoparticles of Manganese and Manganese Oxides in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Cited by 51 publications

References 67 publications

Microenvironmental Behaviour of Nanotheranostic Systems for Controlled Oxidative Stress and Cancer Treatment

Microenvironmental Behaviour of Nanotheranostic Systems for Controlled Oxidative Stress and Cancer Treatment

Polysaccharide-Based Theranostic Systems for Combined Imaging and Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Challenges

Aerosolised micro and nanoparticle: formulation and delivery method for lung imaging

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