Applications and impact of molecular markers on evolutionary and diversity studies in the genus Allium

Abstract

Allium is a large variable genus containing %700 species, among them the economically important crops bulb onion, garlic and leek and many other crop species of minor or local importance. As the methods became available and more refined, systematic studies using biochemical and molecular markers were published to complement and offset the growing amount of data based on morphological, anatomical and other traditional approaches. Using isozymes and later restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), phylogenetic problems were addressed at all systematic levels of the genus and the interrelationships among crop species and their close relatives. The analysis of hybrid plants is another important application of molecular markers. Markers allow verification of the hybrid's cytoplasm, the composition of the nuclear genome, and investigation of introgression in backcrossing experiments.

Genetic relationships and isozyme profile of dermatophytes and Candida strains from Egypt and Libya

“…Isozymes analysis is more reliable than traditional methods since the expression of isozymes loci are co-dominant, in addition this technique provides a fairly rapid and inexpensive alternative tool for taxonomic studies and for identifying fungi species (Ryan and Scowcroft, 1987;Bonde et al, 1993;Bragaloni et al, 1997). Klaas (1998) reported that the isozyme markers can correctly identify several levels of taxa, accessions, and individuals, since the assumption of homology can be more accurate than for some genomic DNA markers.…”

“…Isozyme term means "the different molecular forms in which which proteins may exist with the same enzymatic specificity" (Markert and Moller, 1959). Klaas (1998) reported that the isozyme markers can correctly identify several levels of taxa, accessions, and individuals, since the assumption of homology can be more accurate than for some genomic DNA markers. Siddiquee et al (2010) used eight enzymes and single protein pattern systems to identify and study the genetic relationships among 27 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, 10 isolates of Trichophyton aureoviride, and 10 isolates of Trichophyton longibrachiatum from Southern Peninsular Malaysia.…”

Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear rDNAITSsequences of Koreanalliuml. subgenusRhizirideum(Alliaceae)

“…cyaneum was the shortest (635 bp) and A. victorialis the longest (646 bp) among the investigated Korean taxa. The three morphologically similar taxa, A. thunbergii, A. sacculiferum that has been included in A. thunbergii, and A. deltoide-Jistulosum, had the same ITS lengths of 641 bp, but were clearly distinguished in the phylogenetic analysis of their ITS sequences.Allium L. (Alliaceae) contains about 700-750 taxa in northern temperate region, including a number of important edible plants such as onion, green onion, garlic, leek and wild garlic (Hanek et al, 1992;Berg et al 1996;Mes et al, 1997;Klaas, 1998). The genus is characterized by perennials with alliaceous ordour and tunicated bulb.…”

“…Allium L. (Alliaceae) contains about 700-750 taxa in northern temperate region, including a number of important edible plants such as onion, green onion, garlic, leek and wild garlic (Hanek et al, 1992;Berg et al 1996;Mes et al, 1997;Klaas, 1998). The genus is characterized by perennials with alliaceous ordour and tunicated bulb.…”

“…Most of the Korean Allium except for A. monanthum, wild garlic and green onion belong to the subgenus Rhizirideum (G. Don ex Koch) Wendelbo having a rhizome *Tel: 82-2-3277-2366, Fax: 82-2-3277-2385 and basic chromosome number of 8 (Dubouzet et al, 1997;Klaas, 1998). Since Palibin (1901) had reported A. japonicum, Park (1949) recorded 21 species and two varieties including five cultivars, and Nakai (1952) summerized that there are 20 species, one variety and one forma in Korean Allium.…”