Applications of 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Abstract

Regenerative medicine is an emerging field that centers on the restoration and regeneration of functional components of damaged tissue. Tissue engineering is an application of regenerative medicine and seeks to create functional tissue components and whole organs. Using 3D printing technologies, native tissue mimics can be created utilizing biomaterials and living cells. Recently, regenerative medicine has begun to employ 3D bioprinting methods to create highly specialized tissue models to improve upon conventional tissue engineering methods. Here, we review the use of 3D bioprinting in the advancement of tissue engineering by describing the process of 3D bioprinting and its advantages over other tissue engineering methods. Materials and techniques in bioprinting are also reviewed, in addition to future clinical applications, challenges, and future directions of the field.

Characteristics of Marine Biomaterials and Their Applications in Biomedicine

“…In recent years, with the emergence of some new technologies and strategies, biological scaffolds have played an important role in the construction of bionic tissues and organs. For example, 3D bioprinting can make the microstructure of scaffolds more advanced and accurate in anatomical features, which helps to more accurately co-deposit cells and biomaterials [149]. The application of marine materials in biomedical tissue engineering is mainly introduced below (Table 2).…”

Application of 3D Bioprinting in Urology

“…In comparison to dECM and conventional hydrogels, the porous bioscaffolds present more significant advantages for 3D bioprinting. As their surface-interconnected porous structure creates a larger surface area, allowing for the bulk transport of nutrients, waste and biological factors, and also promotes more extensive cell migration and infiltration [ 69 ]. Numerous studies are currently attempting to apply 3D porous scaffolds to tissue engineering, for example, in bone regeneration [ 70 , 71 ].…”

Nanotopographical 3D-Printed Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds Enhance Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Urine-Derived Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

“…On the other hand, with the rapid development of technologies in regenerative medicine, bone grafts constructed by tissue-engineered methods are also rapidly becoming promising alternatives for bone regeneration [ 6 ]. Tissue regeneration is performed by implanting cells and biomaterials into the body, which rebuilds tissues and supports its native self-healing abilities to promote tissue growth [ 7 ]. In addition, tissue engineering has made great strides over the past few decades in advancing scaffold design and architecture with the fabrication of many constructs that mimic the biological, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of the host tissue [ 8 ].…”

“…Compared with traditional tissue engineering scaffold manufacturing methods, 3D printing technology has the advantages of high designability and high repeatability [ 28 , 29 ]. When tissue engineering settings are considered, 3D printing allows using several biomaterials such as biopolymers, to manufacture tissue-like 3D micro- and macro-structures containing biochemicals and even living cells [ 7 , 30 ]. However, the current 3D printing technology cannot control the nanotopological morphology of 3D-printed scaffolds.…”