Applications of Dynamic Systems Theory to Cognition and Development

Perone, Sammy; Simmering, Vanessa R.

doi:10.1016/bs.acdb.2016.10.002

Cited by 49 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Indeed, infants’ looking behavior in lab‐based tasks is predictive of executive function during early childhood (Cuevas & Bell, ). Moreover, a series of neural network model simulations have shown a similar set of neurocognitive processes underlie infants’ looking behavior and performance in executive function tasks during childhood (Perone, Molitor, Buss, Spencer, & Samuelson, ; Perone & Simmering, ; Perone & Spencer, ). Second, the exploratory aspect of our study revealed cuddliness is related to higher levels of theta and lower levels of beta over the posterior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping cortical rhythms to infant behavioral tendencies via baseline EEG and parent‐report

Perone

Gartstein

2019

Developmental Psychobiology

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An important goal of developmental science is to understand how the early organization of the brain and behavioral tendencies are interconnected. A foundational step in pursuit of this goal is to identify brain‐behavior relations. Much progress has been made identifying such relations during infancy by linking baseline electroencephalography (EEG) activity to infants’ performance in lab‐based measures of socio‐emotional and cognitive development. Parent‐report represents another resource in expanding our understanding to infants’ behavioral tendencies in their natural environment. The current study explored how parent‐report of 6‐ to 12‐month‐old (N = 53) infants’ attention and regulatory abilities relates to cortical activity. The results confirmed one key hypothesis that lower levels of theta and higher levels of beta and gamma over the frontal region would be related to infants’ attentional abilities. These results are consistent with the extant baseline EEG literature. Cuddliness was robustly related to higher levels of theta and lower levels of beta over the posterior, likely reflecting infants’ tendency to use another person to self‐regulate. Our results indicate links between these cortical rhythms and attention and regulatory processes have infant origins. Our results indicate furture research investigating brain‐behavior relations using parent‐report is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping cortical rhythms to infant behavioral tendencies via baseline EEG and parent‐report

Perone

Gartstein

2019

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…This philosophical assumption is very likely false and caused by the still popular computer metaphor of cognition (van Gelder, 1995). Instead, cognition is likely the behavior of a dynamical system that continuously makes sequential transitions from one stable state to another in separate but typically bi-directionally coupled, often topographically organized, neuronal populations (Cisek & Kalaska, 2010;Perone & Simmering, 2017;Schöner, Spencer, et al, 2016). A stable "peak" state of population activity represents, for example, a memorized location (see Figure 10A), a sensory detection of the color red at position (x,y) in a two-dimensional colorposition field, the (x,y) position of the current attentional focus, a motor intention of 30 degrees to the right, etc.…”

Section: Other Theoretical Benefits Of Event History Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

What is causing “inhibition of return” in spatial cueing tasks? Temporally disentangling multiple cue-triggered effects on multiple time scales using response history and conditional accuracy analyses.

Panis¹,

Schmidt²

2020

Preprint

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Research on spatial cueing has shown that uninformative cues often facilitate mean response time (RT) performance in valid- compared to invalid-cueing conditions at short cue-target stimulus-onset-asynchronies (SOAs), and robustly generate a reversed or inhibitory cueing effect at longer SOAs that is widely known as inhibition-of-return (IOR). To study the within-trial time course of IOR we employ discrete-time hazard and conditional accuracy analyses to describe and model the shapes of the RT and accuracy distributions measured in two experimental tasks. In contrast to the mean performance measures, our distributional analyses show that (a) the uninformative cue generates response channel activation, (b) which continues during the cue-target interval so that the cue location must be stored in spatial working memory, (c) the premature cue-triggered response is selectively inhibited before target onset, (d) the IOR effect (valid versus invalid cueing) emerges around 160 ms after target onset in the hazard functions when cue-target SOA exceeds ~200 ms, quickly increases and decreases in size, and is gone within 120 ms, (e) the inhibitory component does not diminish over the course of the experiment, and (f) the location of an additional central cue relative to the current focus of spatial attention can generate response channel activation as well. These distributional data show that mean performance patterns conceal crucial information about behavioral dynamics, and suggest that sensory IOR is the direct result of encoding the cue location in spatial working memory to promote change detection, instead of attention leaving an inhibitory tag to promote visual search.

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“…Age is but one individual level constraint and, in many studies generated from a DST approach, not the most meaningful one (mood, energy level, attentional state are often more influential; Smith & Thelen, 2003). Rather, change is measured as it happens in real time by "zooming in" on transition points (e.g., toddlers suddenly using the past tense of verbs; Adolph, Robinson, Young & Gill-Alvarez, 2008;Marcus, Pinker, Ullman, Hollander, Rosen, Xu, & Clahsen, 1992;Perone & Simmering, 2017;Siegler & Crowley, 1991), and examining how advances in one behavioral domain (e.g., motor development) propel advances in a different domain (e.g., language development; Iverson, 2010). Such studies show how portraying developmental change through demonstrations of age differences erases the most interesting and rich explanations of change.…”

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confidence: 99%

No age differences? No problem

McLean

Riggs

2021

Infant and Child Development

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In this essay we argue that the over-reliance on age effects in the field of developmental psychology belies attention to actual development, obscuring attention to actual developmental processes. We use examples from diverse content areas in developmental psychology, such as narrative and autobiographical memory, personality trait development, Piagetian conservation tasks, pubertal timing, and Dynamic Systems Theory to build this argument. We conclude by arguing that focusing on individual differences in development, and cultural and historical context as major mechanisms of developmental processes will provide a fuller and richer understanding of the complexity of human development.

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Applications of Dynamic Systems Theory to Cognition and Development

Cited by 49 publications

References 96 publications

Mapping cortical rhythms to infant behavioral tendencies via baseline EEG and parent‐report

Mapping cortical rhythms to infant behavioral tendencies via baseline EEG and parent‐report

What is causing “inhibition of return” in spatial cueing tasks? Temporally disentangling multiple cue-triggered effects on multiple time scales using response history and conditional accuracy analyses.

No age differences? No problem

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