Applications of Electrochemical Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC‐SERS)

Musiani, Marco; Liu, Junyang; Zhang, Tian

doi:10.1002/9781118694404.ch8

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 117 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[31][32][33][34][35][36] Raman spectroscopy has become an important tool for identification of corrosion products. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] Some major problems may still occur due to laser heating, fluorescence, or low sensitivity as a consequence of the small cross-sections of Raman scattering. However, the fact that glass and water are both very weak Raman scatterers makes this technique suitable for in situ measurements in aqueous environments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopy of Mackinawite FeS in Anodic Iron Sulfide Corrosion Products

Genchev

Erbe

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Raman spectroscopy in a confocal microscope was used to study electrochemically synthesized corrosion products from sour gas experiments. When exposed to oxygen-containing atmosphere, the initial mackinawite FeS corrosion product transformed under laser irradiation to hematite, Fe 2 O 3 . Measurements with a thin water layer on top of the corrosion products prevented the transformation, as drying was prevented. In situ Raman measurements of mackinawite formation avoided the problem of transformation completely. In situ and operando, the initially formed mackinawite showed two Raman peaks in the wavenumber range >180 cm −1 centered around 200-215 cm −1 and 285-300 cm −1 . On an empirical basis, these modes were assigned to a B 1g mode of the iron sublattice and an A 1g mode of the sulfur sublattice, respectively. A comparison with a literature assignment for aged mackinawite suggests that the aging observed involves significant changes in the sulfur sublattice. Corrosion of iron in H 2 S containing solutions is a general problem in crude oil and natural gas production, and is generally referred to as sour corrosion. Aqueous H 2 S solutions promote corrosion of steels, [1][2][3] but the exact nature and mechanisms of corrosion strongly depend on the reaction conditions. 4-7 While the process has been widely investigated for pure iron, [8][9][10][11][12] and carbon steels, [13][14][15][16][17] there is still a lack of understanding of the reaction path and electronic properties of the corrosion products. 18,19The chemistry of the corrosion products formed during H 2 Striggered corrosion is rather complex, as there are many different solids consisting only of iron and sulfur. 20 However, mackinawite has been found to be the initial, 8,21 and probably most important corrosion product, of iron in aqueous sulfide solutions as it was observed in reactions carried out over a wide range of pH and temperature. 11,19,[22][23][24] It possesses a tetragonal, layered crystal structure, [25][26][27] and can be synthesized by precipitation from solutions containing Fe 2+ and S 2− solutions, 28,29 or by reaction of sulfide solution with metallic iron. 19,21,26,30 In the field of microbially induced corrosion, sulfatereducing bacteria are known to transform sulfate compounds into iron sulfides, e.g. mackinawite. [31][32][33][34][35][36] Raman spectroscopy has become an important tool for identification of corrosion products. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] Some major problems may still occur due to laser heating, fluorescence, or low sensitivity as a consequence of the small cross-sections of Raman scattering. However, the fact that glass and water are both very weak Raman scatterers makes this technique suitable for in situ measurements in aqueous environments. 46-48The presence of water has an additional positive effect on the process as it decreases the heating from the laser. The use of (in situ and operando) Raman spectroscopy for study corrosion process studies of iron in sulfide rich environments has been already repor...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopy of Mackinawite FeS in Anodic Iron Sulfide Corrosion Products

Genchev

Erbe

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To overcome such disadvantage, some methods to improve this signal have emerged over the last decades, with the so-called surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) being the most popular one. SERS implies the amplification of the Raman signal by several orders of magnitude [1,[3][4][5], enabling its use in different fields like material characterization [6][7][8], surface science [9][10][11][12], chemical analysis [13,14], among others. Since its discovery in the 70's by Fleischmann [15], many researchers have made an extraordinary effort to obtain sensitive and reproducible SERS substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical SERS and SOERS in a single experiment: A new methodology for quantitative analysis

Hernandez

Perales-Rondón

Heras

et al. 2020

Electrochimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The intrinsic lack of sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy has limited its use for many years in analytical applications. However, when the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect was discovered [3], scientific community became more interested in Raman spectroscopy [4][5][6][7]. Since then, multiple ways to improve the performance of Raman spectroscopy have been developed [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%