Applications of Hyaluronic Acid in Ophthalmology and Contact Lenses

Abstract

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan that was first isolated and identified from the vitreous body of a bull’s eye. HA is ubiquitous in the soft connective tissues of animals and therefore has high tissue compatibility for use in medication. Because of HA’s biological safety and water retention properties, it has many ophthalmology-related applications, such as in intravitreal injection, dry eye treatment, and contact lenses. Due to its broad range of applications, the identification and quantification of HA is a critical topic. This review article discusses current methods for analyzing HA. Contact lenses have become a widely used medical device, with HA commonly used as an additive to their production material, surface coating, and multipurpose solution. HA molecules on contact lenses retain moisture and increase the wearer’s comfort. HA absorbed by contact lenses can also gradually release to the anterior segment of the eyes to treat dry eye. This review discusses applications of HA in ophthalmology.

Hypochlorous Acid Can Be the Novel Option for the Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Dry Eye through Ultrasonic Atomization

“…Additionally, compared with the traditional application of 50% TTO treatment for 3 months in a row, we found that there was no only obvious differentiation between them ( Demodex mite eradication rate between the two groups at the 55 th day) ( ∗∗ p = 0.006 < 0.01) ( Figure 3 ) with regard to the average Demodex figures, but the successful killing rate is higher at different check points of this clinic trail in HOCL groups than that of control ( ∗ p 15 th vs. 1 st day = 0.028 < 0.05; ∗∗ p 30 th vs. 1 st day = 0.002 < 0.01; ∗∗ p 55 th vs. 1 st day = 0.0018 < 0.01) ( Figure 3 ). The HOCL is a natural immunity reaction of the human body; our data shows no discomforts which coincide with previous study [ 12 , 14 , 44 , 51 ]. Otherwise, many discomforts such as allergic reactions, contact dermatitis, and ocular irritations are well-known adverse reactions of TTO proposal [ 54 ].…”

“…Across the oxidative reaction, highly activated molecules such as HOCl are stimulated from the leukocyte's action to external microorganisms [ 11 ]. Due to its quickly neutralized feature, HOCL is nontoxic to the ocular surface [ 12 ].…”

Potential Ophthalmological Application of Extracts Obtained from Tuna Vitreous Humor Using Lactic Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Systems

“…Regarding the tested commercial eye drops, it was observed that HA-based commercial eye drops did not show antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms studied. This result is expected since the function of this product is not anti-infective, as HA does not act as an antimicrobial agent and is mainly efficient to maintain ocular hydration and comfort [18,60]. On the other hand, the ophthalmic anti-infective commercial product composed of chloramphenicol was shown to be more efficient against the microorganisms identified in dry eye patients as it is a well-known antimicrobial agent that validates the assays performed.…”

Chemical Modification of Hyaluronan and Their Biomedical Applications

“…Due to its transparency and its lubricating and hydrophilic properties, HA solutions are often used during ophthalmic surgery and for ophthalmic preparations such as eye drops treating the dry eye syndrome (Huerta Angeles and Nesporova, 2021). Furthermore, HA is widely applied as part of contact lenses, for surface modifications of medical lenses and for sustained drug release to treat eye-related diseases (Chang et al, 2021). Subcutaneous injections of HA solutions and in situ forming hydrogels are applied in aesthetic dermatology for reducing wrinkles, folds, and augmenting for example, lips (Rah, 2011).…”