Applications of Lignin Materials and Their Composites (Lignin Applications in Various Industrial Sectors, Future Trends of Lignin and Their Composites)

Naegele, Helmut; Pfitzer, Juergen; Ziegler, Lars; Inone‐Kauffmann, Emilia Regina; Eisenreich, N.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35565-0.00013-8

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They offer a 2-fold benefit as raw material: (1) there is a major economic benefit in using technical lignins for higher value, material applications; (2) as renewable, plant-based raw materials they inherently reduce the emission of fossil carbon dioxide. 2,3 One caveat in the development of lignin applications is its odor, which is caused by small molecules originating from the actual lignin polymer, e.g., guaiacol, and from pulping chemicals (e.g., dimethyl disulfide, DMDS). 4 Nevertheless, literature on this topic is scarce, so that the picture on volatile substances released by technical lignins is still incomplete.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Volatiles from Technical Lignins by Multiple Headspace Sampling-Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Guggenberger

Potthast

Rosenau

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Industrial lignins comprise a mixture of substances, including volatile, low-molecular weight compounds. In material applications of lignins, these volatiles contribute to the malodor of the finished product. We developed a method based on solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) to assay qualitatively and quantitatively the volatiles emitted from lignin samples. Substances were identified by mass spectra and retention indices, while quantitation was achieved by multiple headspace sampling (MHS). Guaiacol and dimethyl disulfide were calibrated as representative compounds for the most prominent substance classes. The method was validated and gave good recovery, ranging from 89 to 123% for dimethyl disulfide and 90 to 105% for guaiacol, a measurement range of several dozen nanogram to a few micrograms, which can be extended by adjusting the sample amount, and limits of detection of 86 ng for dimethyl disulfide and 25 ng for guaiacol. Sample preparation is limited to weighing of the sample into a headspace vial and requires no consumables or auxiliaries. The entire analytical workflow was automatized, including the necessary data evaluation, which combines the outcome of repeated analyses of the same sample. The concentrations of guaiacol in four representative lignin samples ranged from 0.4 to 1200 ppm, while dimethyl disulfide was detected only in a single sample.

show abstract

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Volatiles from Technical Lignins by Multiple Headspace Sampling-Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Guggenberger

Potthast

Rosenau

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, the development of ways to convert lignin to new high-value products is an active area of research, dealing with the main drawbacks of lignin usage regarding the low-purity standards, heterogeneity, smell and color problems of the existing commercial lignins. It is recognized that blending lignin with polymers is a convenient and inexpensive method to create new materials with tailored properties, such as hydrophobicity, stiffness, crystallinity, thermal stability, Ultraviolet (UV) blocking ability and to reduce the overall cost of the material [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and 3D printing processing of bio-based thermoplastic filament

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-In this work, an extrusion-based 3D printing technique was employed for processing of biobased blends of Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) with low-cost kraft lignin. In Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing process, objects are built in a layer-by-layer fashion by melting, extruding and selectively depositing thermoplastic fibers on a platform. These fibers are used as building blocks for more complex structures with defined microarchitecture, in an automated, cost-effective process, with minimum material waste. A sustainable material consisting of lignin biopolymer blended with poly(lactic acid) was examined for its physical properties and for its melt processability during the FFF process. Samples with different PLA/lignin weight ratios were prepared and their mechanical (tensile testing), thermal (Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis) and morphological (optical and scanning electron microscopy, SEM) properties were studied. The composition with optimum properties was selected for the production of 3D-printing filament. Three process parameters, which contribute to shear rate and stress imposed on the melt, were examined: extrusion temperature, printing speed and fiber's width varied and their effect on extrudates' morphology was evaluated. The mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens were assessed with tensile testing and SEM fractography.

show abstract

“…However, the market offers some lignin-based plastic composite materials (e.g., ARBOFORM® and ARBOBLEND®). These composites consist of natural fibers and a thermoplastic made from lignin (Naegele et al 2016). Though Asia is the most substantial contributor to the bioplastics market in general, Europe is the largest contributor to the lignin-based production of bioplastics and composites, followed by the U.S. (Barrett 2018).…”

Section: Bioplastics Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective of lignin processing and utilization technologies for composites and plastics with emphasis on technical and market trends

Kropat

Ming-yang

Park

et al. 2020

BioRes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This effort is focused on work completed publicly and privately within academic research and industrial sectors on the utilization of lignin to produce thermosets, thermoplastics, foams, hydrogels, and rubbers. The size of the plastics market and the current and projected influence of lignin on it were evaluated. Further, an analysis of patent activity was employed to show the direction of and interest for lignin in these markets. The market trends documented in the literature, when coupled with detailed patent research, offer a new approach to evaluate potential markets and future directions. The analysis of the commercial market sizes of bioplastics and segmentation showed low penetration of actual lignin-based bioplastics. This exposed the contradiction between the abundance of technologies for lignin-based materials and their little practical use. In addition, this finding highlighted a severe gap between lignin research and development and the actual market.

show abstract

Applications of Lignin Materials and Their Composites (Lignin Applications in Various Industrial Sectors, Future Trends of Lignin and Their Composites)

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Quantification of Volatiles from Technical Lignins by Multiple Headspace Sampling-Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Quantification of Volatiles from Technical Lignins by Multiple Headspace Sampling-Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Production and 3D printing processing of bio-based thermoplastic filament

A perspective of lignin processing and utilization technologies for composites and plastics with emphasis on technical and market trends

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About