Applications of Mesoporous Materials as Excipients for Innovative Drug Delivery and Formulation

Abstract

Due to uniquely ordered nanoporous structure and high surface area as well as large pore volume, mesoporous materials have exhibited excellent performance in both controlled drug delivery with sustained release profiles and formulation of poorly aqueoussoluble drugs with enhanced bioavailability. Compared with other bulk excipients, mesoporous materials could achieve a higher loading of active ingredients and a tunable drug release profile, as the high surface density of surface hydroxyl groups offered versatility to be functionalized. With drug molecules stored in nano sized channels, the pore openings could be modified using functional polymers or nano-valves performing as stimuli-responsive release devices and the drug release could be triggered by environmental changes or other external effects. In particular, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have attracted much attention for application in functional target drug delivery to the cancer cell. The smart nano-vehicles for drug delivery have showed obvious improvements in the therapeutic efficacy for tumor suppression as compared with conventional sustained release systems, although further progress is still needed for eventual clinical applications. Alternatively, unmodified mesoporous silica also exhibited feasible application for direct formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs to enhance dissolution rate, solubility and thus increase the bioavailability after administration. In summary, mesoporous materials offer great versatility that can be used both for on-demand oral and local drug delivery, and scientists are making great efforts to design and fabricate innovative drug delivery systems based on mesoporous drug carriers.

3D-printed hierarchical scaffold for localized isoniazid/rifampin drug delivery and osteoarticular tuberculosis therapy

“…S5, Supplementary materials). Furthermore, in the later stage, apatite precipitations would also take part in retarding the drug release process (not discussed in detail) [21].…”

“…However, pure PLGA or other degradable and biocompatible polymer implants embedded into the bone defect caves would induce the significant decrease of pH values by the acidic degradation products [15,16] bacillus [17]. Alternatively, mesoporous silica-based materials [18][19][20][21], may provide a more advantageous choice for controlled and localized ATD delivery without causing significant pH value decreases, owing to the extensive nanoporous structure.…”

In vitroevaluation of human fetal osteoblast response to magnesium loaded mesoporous TiO2coating

“…Enhancement of osseointegration to shorten the healing period has been the main focus for implant surface modifications. [1][2][3][4][5] It has been suggested that surface roughness modifications on the micrometer level is one of the important factors for successful osseintegration of implants. 6,7 The socalled moderately rough surface has been reported to present the strongest bone response.…”

New organometallic complex supported on mesoporous silica and its enzymes activity inhibition properties

“…The need of immobilizing the complex is due to the fact that mesoporous silica has the ability to protect the drug (the metallic complex), from decomposition. The silica materials have the ability to seal the drug in order to prevent the drug from being released prior to reaching the target‐site by modified pore openings with caps, and protect the body from possible side‐effects of the drug . Although the effect on urease activity decreases, once the complex is immobilized, its secondary effects after administration might be reduced, further studies being necessary in order to analyses the toxicity of both complex and silica materials for viable cells, as well as for the drug release control.…”