Applications of Metabolomics in Calcium Metabolism Disorders in Humans

Abstract

The pathogenesis of the disorders of calcium metabolism is not fully understood. This review discusses the studies in which metabolomics was applied in this area. Indeed, metabolomics could play an essential role in discovering biomarkers and elucidating pathological mechanisms. Despite the limited bibliography, the present review highlights the potential of metabolomics in identifying the biomarkers of some of the most common endocrine disorders, such as primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), calcium deficiency, osteoporosis and vitamin D supplementation. Metabolites related to above-mentioned diseorders were grouped into specific classes and mapped into metabolic pathways. Furthermore, disturbed metabolic pathways can open up new directions for the in-depth exploration of the basic mechanisms of these diseases at the molecular level.

Fighting Obesity-Related Micronutrient Deficiencies through Biofortification of Agri-Food Crops with Sustainable Fertilization Practices

“…Children 8-9 years old (n = 160) with high body fat (BMI Z-score > 1) in Sri Lanka. [63] Calcium Hormone secretion, intracellular signaling, blood clotting, muscle contraction, gene expression, and bone mineralization [67,68] [50]…”

Application of metabolomics in osteoporosis research

“…After preparing the relevant samples, it is important to choose a suitable protocol and platform technologies in exploring the metabolomics. Currently, LC/MS (liquid chromatography/MS), GC/MS (gas chromatography/MS) and 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) are the main tools for exploring OP metabolomics ( 1 , 57 , 58 ). 1H NMR is suitable for the preliminary exploration of metabolomics, where most compounds can be detected.…”

“…It is often used in combination with GC/MS and LC/MS and has a wide range of applications in exploring OP with high sensitivity and good selectivity. It also allows the quantitative and qualitative analysis of complex metabolic compounds ( 57 , 63 , 64 ).…”

“…During data analysis, when the choice of the peak selection algorithm is changed, the data results will vary slightly. In addition, rational and rigorous experimental design is essential for analyzing large metabolomic datasets, which is also critical for the choice of statistical analysis ( 1 , 57 , 58 ). Therefore, targeting large-scale metabolomics research and clinical practice requires interdisciplinary collaboration and efforts of biologists, statisticians, and chemists.…”

“…According to the results of a series of studies, these metabolites are indeed associated with OP. However, it remains to be determined whether these differential metabolites play a causal role in the pathogenic and pharmacological mechanisms of OP or are merely early manifestations of preclinical disease ( 57 , 64 ). Therefore, patients with other diseases within 2 years of OP diagnosis should be excluded when exploring whether these differential metabolites play a direct causal role.…”