Applied and Residual Stress Determination Using X‐ray Diffraction

Murray, Conal E.; Noyan, I. C.

doi:10.1002/9781118402832.ch6

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…7). Several of the measured surfaces exhibit this relationship, which is indicative of significant shear stresses in addition to the 11 and 22 uniaxial stresses in the sample surface [18,20].…”

Section: Results -Residual Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…XRD provides an average (bulk) analysis of the interplanar spacing (d-spacing) for crystalline materials for the volume of material with which the X-rays interact. When a material experiences residual lattice strain, the d-spacing is altered [18]. For residual stress measurement, greater accuracy can be achieved from d-spacing calculated from high angle peaks, and the recommended peak for Ti 6Al-4V is the [213] peak at ~141.7 o [19].…”

Section: Characterization By Xrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residual stresses were calculated using the sin 2  method with nine values of  from 0 to -41 o as shown in Table 2. Stresses were calculated in the 11 direction (corresponding to the xdirection indicated in Figure 4) as follows [18]. The measured 2 peak position is used to calculate the dspacing according to Bragg's Law:…”

Section: Characterization By Xrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impacts of Machining and Heat Treating Practices on Residual Stresses in Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys

Frame¹,

Rambarran²,

Sala³

et al. 2019

Heat Treat 2019: Proceedings From the 30th Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition

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Machining and thermal processing can introduce undesirable residual stresses and distortion in titanium alloy components, and although the distribution and magnitude of these residual stresses is highly relevant for component and process design in the aerospace industry, the relationships between processing variables, processing steps, residual stress signature, and subsurface microstructures are not well understood. The current study reports on the preliminary results of experiments designed to mimic typical machining and thermal processing practices for aerospace alpha-beta Ti alloys. Traditional climb cutting and high-speed peel cutting operations are included in CNC machining experiments, and both stress-relieving and aging heat treatments are considered for thermal processing experiments. Characterization of samples includes strain measurement using the sin2ψ method with X-Ray Diffraction as well as microstructural characterization using traditional metallographic techniques. The results of this study point to potential areas for improving tool approach in machining practices for α-β Ti alloys.

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Section: Results -Residual Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization By Xrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization By Xrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impacts of Machining and Heat Treating Practices on Residual Stresses in Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys

Frame¹,

Rambarran²,

Sala³

et al. 2019

Heat Treat 2019: Proceedings From the 30th Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Surface macroscopic residual stresses were described using X-ray diffraction and the X'Pert PRO MPD diffractometer (Malvern Panalytical B.V., Almelo, The Netherlands) with chromium radiation. The values of surface macroscopic residual stresses were calculated from the lattice deformations, which were determined based on experimental dependencies of 2θ (sin 2 ψ) assuming a bi-axial state of residual stress without gradients in the normal direction, where θ is the diffraction angle, ψ the angle between the sample surface and the diffracting lattice planes [26]. The diffraction angle was determined as the centre of gravity of the CrKα 1 α 2 doublet diffracted by the {211} crystallographic lattice planes of the α-Fe phase.…”

Section: Residual Stresses Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Additive Manufactured H13 Tool Steel

Trojan

Ocelík

Čapek

et al. 2022

Metals

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Hot working tool steel (AISI H13) is one of the most common die materials used in casting industries. A die suffers from damage due to friction and wear during its lifetime. Therefore, various methods have been developed for its repair to save costs to manufacture a new one. A great benefit of laser additive manufacturing (cladding) is the 3D high production rate with minimal influence of thermal stresses in comparison with conventional arc methods. Residual stresses are important factors that influence the performance of the product, especially fatigue life. Therefore, the aim of this contribution is to correlate the wide range of results for multilayer cladding of H13 tool steel. X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments were performed to fully describe the residual stresses generated during cladding. Additionally, in-situ tensile testing experiments inside a scanning electron microscope were performed to observe microstructural changes during deformation. The results were compared with local hardness and wear measurements. Because laser cladding does not achieve adequate accuracy, the effect of necessary post-grinding was investigated. According to the findings, the overlapping of beads and their mutual tempering significantly affect the mechanical properties. Further, the outer surface layer, which showed tensile surface residual stresses and cracks, was removed by grinding and surface compressive residual stresses were described on the ground surface.

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“…The destructive techniques imply the complete or partial destruction of structural members in order to perform the measurements (e.g., the hole drilling and ring coring techniques [ 5 – 7 ], the slitting and contour methods [ 8 – 10 ], etc.). On the other hand, the non-destructive methods (e.g., the X-ray and neutron diffraction [ 11 – 13 ], the magnetic, ultrasonic, and optical methods [ 14 – 16 ], etc.) allow for saving the structural integrity but have limited applicability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axisymmetric residual stresses in a solid cylinder of finite length

Postolaki

Tokovyy

2022

J Eng Math

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A solution technique is presented for the determination of residual stresses in a finite-length solid cylinder subject to non-uniform axisymmetric distributions of incompatible residual strains. The problem is reduced to the sequential solving of three individual problems: a problem on the determination of residual stresses in an infinitely long cylinder (the basic state) and two auxiliary problems for evaluating the stresses induced by the end-face effects (the disturbed states). The variational method of homogeneous solutions is implemented in order to determine the disturbed states within the framework of two latter problems. The solution technique is verified numerically for typical distribution profiles of incompatible strains depending on both the radial and axial coordinates. The approach can be used to evaluate residual stresses in a solid cylinder of finite length due to the intense thermal treatment.

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Applied and Residual Stress Determination Using X‐ray Diffraction

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Impacts of Machining and Heat Treating Practices on Residual Stresses in Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys

Impacts of Machining and Heat Treating Practices on Residual Stresses in Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Additive Manufactured H13 Tool Steel

Axisymmetric residual stresses in a solid cylinder of finite length

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