Applying a spread model to identify the entry points from which the pine wood nematode, the vector of pine wilt disease, would spread most rapidly across Europe

Robinet, Christelle; Opstal, Nico van; Baker, Richard; Roques, Alain

doi:10.1007/s10530-011-9983-0

Cited by 70 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The role of human-mediated dispersal in the spread of PWD was also reported in China [28,29]. Human-mediated dispersal plays an important role in the invasion process of many organisms: the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, in the USA [30], the yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina in France [31] and 17 invasive plants in China [32].…”

Section: Influence Of Socio-environmental Factors On Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 72%

Dispersal Patterns of Pine Wilt Disease in the Early Stage of Its Invasion in South Korea

Choi

Song

Kim

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:We characterized the dispersal patterns of pine wilt disease (PWD) in the early stage of its invasion in the South Korea, and estimated the influence of environmental factors on the dispersal of PWD. Data were obtained in 10 regions with at least five consecutive years of data for 10 years from 1994 to 2005. The dispersal patterns of PWD were categorized into four types: type 1 is a jumping type of dispersal, forming new patches; type 2 infestations are ones without any expansion of patch size; and types 3 and 4, respectively, show uni-directional or multi-directional dispersal outward from an existing patch. Dispersal patterns changed during different phases of the pathogen's invasion history: type 1 was the most frequent in the early invasion stage. Annual dispersal distance showed regional variations. Human population density had a positive correlation with the dispersal distance of PWD, indicating that anthropogenic factors can contribute to the dispersal of PWD. Our results suggested that dispersal through jumping from areas occupied by PWD was the main dispersal route in the early stage of invasion and that after this phase, the existing colonies expanded and merged. These results supported the existence of stratified dispersal patterns of PWD.

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Section: Influence Of Socio-environmental Factors On Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 72%

Dispersal Patterns of Pine Wilt Disease in the Early Stage of Its Invasion in South Korea

Choi

Song

Kim

et al. 2017

Forests

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“…Seiridium cardinale on cypress species), a decreased occurrence of frost could lead to reduction in disease incidence (Garbelotto 2008). In the case of insect-vectored diseases: if warmer temperatures translate into additional insect generations (as they often do), obviously this will increase transmission rates of the invasive pathogen (Dobson 2009;Robinet et al 2011).…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Climate Change On Plant Pathosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

et al. 2012

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There has been a remarkable scientific output on the topic of how climate change is likely to affect plant diseases. This overview addresses the need for review of this burgeoning literature by summarizing opinions of previous reviews and trends in recent studies on the impacts of climate change on plant health. Sudden Oak Death is used as an introductory case study: Californian forests could become even more susceptible to this emerging plant disease, if spring precipitations will be accompanied by warmer temperatures, although climate shifts may also affect the current synchronicity between host cambium activity and pathogen colonization rate. A summary of observed and predicted climate changes, as well as of direct effects of climate change on pathosystems, is provided. Prediction and management of climate change effects on plant health are complicated by indirect effects and the interactions with global change drivers. Uncertainty in models of plant disease development under climate change calls for a diversity of management strategies, from more participatory approaches to interdisciplinary science. Involvement of stakeholders and scientists from outside plant pathology shows the importance of trade-offs, for example in the land-sharing vs. sparing debate. Further research is needed on climate change and plant health in mountain, boreal, Mediterranean and tropical regions, with multiple climate change factors and scenarios (including our responses to it, e.g. the assisted migration of plants), in relation to endophytes, viruses and mycorrhiza, using long-term and large-scale datasets and considering various plant disease control methods.Keywords Adaptive ecosystem management . Biotic interactions . Landscape pathology . Phytophthora ramorum . Plant disease epidemiology . Tree fungal pathogens Up to the 1990s, there was little information about climate change impacts on plant disease. For example, Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…B. xylophilus is vectored by longhorn beetles in the genus Monochamus [16–19] and is transmitted via an unusual tree to tree infection route [20]. It is widely known that the introduction and expansion of B. xylophilus into non-native areas was mediated mainly by the international wood trade via the short- or long-distance transportation of pine wood, as well as packing materials and wood products infected by PWN [21–23]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective management strategies to control PWD [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specifically Expressed Genes of the Nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus Involved with Early Interactions with Pine Trees

Qiu

Huang

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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As the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes huge economic losses by devastating pine forests worldwide. However, the pathogenesis-related genes of B. xylophilus are not well characterized. Thus, DNA microarrays were used to investigate differential gene expression in PWN where Pinus thunbergii was inoculated with nematodes, compared with those cultured on Botrytis cinerea. The microarrays comprised 31121 probes, 1310 (4.2%) of which were differentially regulated (changes of >2-fold, P < 0.01) in the two growth conditions. Of these 1310 genes, 633 genes were upregulated, whereas 677 genes were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) categories were assigned to the classes Cellular Component, Molecular Function, and Biological Process. The comparative gene expression analysis showed that a large number of the pathogenesis-related genes of B. xylophilus, such as pectate lyase genes, cytochrome P450s, UGTs, and ABC transporter genes, were highly expressed when B. xylophilus infected P. thunbergii. Annotation analysis indicated that these genes contributed to cell wall degradation, detoxification, and the reproduction process. The microarray results were validated using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The microarray data confirmed the specific expression of B. xylophilus genes during infection of P. thunbergii, which provides basic information that facilitates a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of PWD.

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Applying a spread model to identify the entry points from which the pine wood nematode, the vector of pine wilt disease, would spread most rapidly across Europe

Abstract: Pine wilt disease, which can rapidly kill pines, is caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. It is expanding its range in many countries in Asia and measures are being taken at the EU level to prevent its spread from Portugal.

Cited by 70 publications

References 45 publications

Dispersal Patterns of Pine Wilt Disease in the Early Stage of Its Invasion in South Korea

Dispersal Patterns of Pine Wilt Disease in the Early Stage of Its Invasion in South Korea

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

Specifically Expressed Genes of the Nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus Involved with Early Interactions with Pine Trees

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