Applying nutrition and physiology to improve reproduction in dairy cattle

Santos, J. E. P.; Bisinotto, R.S.; Ribeiro, E.S.; Lima, F.S.; Greco, L.F.; Staples, C.R.; Thatcher, W.W.

doi:10.7313/upo9781907284991.030

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Immune function is likely to be closely connected to fertility. Indeed, cows that experience more than one postpartum disease are less fertile than are cows that have experienced zero or one disease (Santos et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes associated with daughter pregnancy rate for prediction of genetic merit for reproduction in Holstein cows

et al. 2016

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We evaluated 69 SNPs in genes previously related to fertility and production traits for their relationship to daughter pregnancy rate (DPR), cow conception rate (CCR) and heifer conception rate (HCR) in a separate population of Holstein cows grouped according to their predicted transmitting ability (PTA) [≤-1 (n = 1287) and ≥1.5 (n = 1036)] for DPR. Genotyping was performed using Sequenom MassARRAY(®) . There were a total of 39 SNPs associated with the three fertility traits. The SNPs that explained the greater proportion of the genetic variation for DPR were COQ9 (3.2%), EPAS1 (1.0%), CAST (1.0%), C7H19orf60 (1.0%) and MRPL48 (1.0%); for CCR were GOLGA4 (2.4%), COQ9 (1.8%), EPAS1 (1.1%) and MRPL48 (0.8%); and for HCR were HSD17B7 (1.0%), AP3B1 (0.8%), HSD17B12 (0.7%) and CACNA1D (0.6%). Inclusion of 39 SNPs previously associated with DPR in the genetic evaluation system increased the reliability of PTA for DPR by 0.20%. Many of the genes represented by SNPs associated with fertility are involved in steroidogenesis or are regulated by steroids. A large proportion of SNPs previously associated with genetic merit for fertility in Holstein bulls maintained their association in a separate population of cows. The inclusion of these genes in genetic evaluation can improve reliabilities of genomic estimates for fertility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes associated with daughter pregnancy rate for prediction of genetic merit for reproduction in Holstein cows

et al. 2016

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“…an increased concern about antimicrobial resistance, a greater effort should be devoted to the prevention of metritis in dairy cows. KEYWORDS chitosan microparticles, dairy cow, metritis treatment I mprovements in genetics, housing, nutrition, and management have produced dramatic increases in milk production in the last 70 years, going from ϳ2,000 kg/year in 1944 to over 10,000 kg/year in 2016 (1)(2)(3). Nonetheless, the improvements in milk production have not been accompanied by improvements in health.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the improvements in milk production have not been accompanied by improvements in health. Approximately 45% of dairy cows experience a disease or disorder in the first 60 days postpartum (2), and metritis, the inflammation of all layers of the uterus, is one of the most prevalent and costly diseases to the dairy industry (4,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Chitosan Microparticles on the Uterine Microbiome of Dairy Cows with Metritis

Galvão

Oliveira

Cunha

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan microparticles on the uterine microbiome of cows with metritis. Dairy cows with metritis (n = 89) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: chitosan microparticles (n = 21) = intrauterine infusion of chitosan microparticles at metritis diagnosis (D0), D2 and D4; ceftiofur (n = 25) = subcutaneous injection of ceftiofur on D0 and D3; Untreated (n = 23) = no treatment. Non-metritic (n = 20) = healthy cows matched by days postpartum at metritis diagnosis. Uterine swabs collected on D0, D3, D6, D9, and D12 were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR quantification. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the microbiome of the ceftiofur-treated and metritic untreated groups progressed towards the non-metritic group by D3, whereas the chitosan microparticles-treated remained unchanged. The differences on D3 were mainly due to a greater relative abundance of Fusobacteria, particularly Fusobacterium in the chitosan microparticles-treated compared with the ceftiofur-treated and metritic untreated groups. Furthermore, the microbiome of the ceftiofur-treated group became similar to the non-metritic group by D9; whereas the chitosan microparticles-treated and metritic untreated groups only became similar to the non-metritic group by D12. The chitosan microparticles treatment resulted in greater total bacterial 16S rRNA gene counts than the metritic untreated controls on D6 and D9, whereas the ceftiofur treatment was the only group that became similar to the non-metritic group by D12. In summary, chitosan microparticles slowed the progression towards a healthy uterine microbiome, whereas ceftiofur hastened the progression towards health. IMPORTANCE Third-generation cephalosporins such as ceftiofur are commonly used to treat metritis in dairy cows. Chitosan microparticles has been shown to have a broad spectrum of activity in vitro and to be effective against uterine pathogens in vivo; therefore, it has been hailed as a possible alternative to traditional antibiotics. Nonetheless, herein we saw that chitosan microparticles slowed the progression of the uterine microbiome of cows with metritis towards a healthy uterine microbiome, whereas ceftiofur treatment hastened the progression towards a healthy uterine microbiome. Given the lack of an effective alternative to traditional antibiotics and an increased concern about antimicrobial resistance, a greater effort should be devoted to the prevention of metritis in dairy cows.

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“…Calving causes trauma, which increases the risk of uterine diseases (Vieira-Neto et al, 2016). Approximately 30 to 45% of postpartum cows develop some type of clinical disease in the first 30 to 60 d in lactation (Santos et al, 2010;Ribeiro et al, 2016;Carvalho et al, 2019), and most postpartum diseases are associated with reduced fertility (Santos et al, 2010;Ribeiro et al, 2016;Carvalho et al, 2019). Uterine diseases (UTD) are accompanied by signs of local or systemic illness (Sheldon et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diseases and concurrent inflammation affect reproduction in part because of disrupted endocrine signaling and perturbations in follicle or oocyte development (Sheldon et al, 2009;Bromfield et al, 2015). Cows that develop diseases in early lactation are more likely to have an extended anovulatory period (Santos et al, 2010). Uterine inflammation transiently reduces oocyte competence to develop to the morula stage embryo (Dickson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory diseases in dairy cows: Risk factors and associations with pregnancy after embryo transfer

Edelhoff

Pereira

Bromfield

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives of the present prospective cohort study were to identify risk factors for inflammatory diseases in Holstein-Gyr crossbred dairy cows and characterize the associations of those diseases with pregnancy per embryo transfer (ET). Diseases were diagnosed in the first 60 d postpartum in 252 primiparous and 481 multiparous cows. Uterine diseases (UTD) included retained placenta, metritis, clinical endometritis, and subclinical endometritis. Nonuterine diseases (NUTD) included mastitis, lameness, pneumonia, and displaced abomasum. Blood was sampled on d 0, 1, and 2 postpartum and analyzed for concentrations of haptoglobin, fatty acids, total Ca (tCa), P, and Mg, and again on d 8 postpartum and analyzed for concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate. The association between concentrations of metabolites in serum and inflammatory diseases was determined. Cows received a timed ET program starting 28 ± 3 d postpartum with first ET at 46 ± 3 d postpartum using fresh in vitro-produced embryos. Pregnancy was diagnosed on d 31 and 59 of presumptive gestation. Overall, 63.3% of the cows were diagnosed with UTD and 20.6% with NUTD. The risk factors for UTD included season of calving, parity group, calving problems, days with subclinical hypocalcemia, and serum concentrations of haptoglobin and Mg, whereas the risk factors for NUTD were parity group and serum Mg concentration. Cows that developed UTD had increased concentrations of haptoglobin on d 2 and fatty acids on d 1 and 2, and reduced concentrations of tCa on d 1 and 2 and of P and Mg on d 2 postpartum compared with cows without UTD. Cows that developed NUTD had increased concentrations of fatty acids on d 0 to 2 postpartum, and decreased concentrations of tCa and P on d 0 and 1, and of Mg on d 1 and 2 postpartum compared with cows without NUTD. Cows that developed NUTD had a 340-kg reduction in milk yield in the first 60 d postpartum. Inflammatory diseases were associated with lesser body condition score and increased loss of body condition in the first 70 d postpartum. Maintenance of pregnancy after ET was reduced in UTD cows following the first (41.7 vs. 25.4%) or all ET (46.4 vs. 36.2%), whereas maintenance of pregnancy was reduced in NUTD cows only at the second ET (39.0 vs 25.9%). The reduced pregnancy maintenance in UTD cows combined with a reduced 21-d service rate (61.9 vs. 54.8%) decreased the 21-d cycle pregnancy rate (28.6 vs. 19.9%) and the hazard of pregnancy to 300 d postpartum by 35%, resulting in an extra 32 d open. In conclusion, inflammatory diseases depressed fertility in dairy cows receiving ET, with the greatest impact observed in UTD cows. This suggests that local inflammation of the uterus impairs maintenance of pregnancy in dairy cows following ET.

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Applying nutrition and physiology to improve reproduction in dairy cattle

Cited by 30 publications

References 48 publications

Use of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes associated with daughter pregnancy rate for prediction of genetic merit for reproduction in Holstein cows

Use of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes associated with daughter pregnancy rate for prediction of genetic merit for reproduction in Holstein cows

Effect of Chitosan Microparticles on the Uterine Microbiome of Dairy Cows with Metritis

Inflammatory diseases in dairy cows: Risk factors and associations with pregnancy after embryo transfer

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