Applying riding-posture optimization on bicycle frame design

Hsiao, Shih‐Wen; Chen, Rong Qi; Leng, Wan Lee

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2015.04.010

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The mean and SD of Ed% and AEd% calculated as 21% (63.24) and 1.74% (61.42), respectively, for the top view images. Overall, the calibration results (Ed% and AEd%) of both image views were found to be precise enough and within the recommended maximum error tolerance of 63.24%, in-line with the previous literature (Gavan et al, 1952;Hsiao et al, 2015;Hung et al, 2004).…”

Section: Declaration Of Conflicting Interestssupporting

confidence: 89%

Exploring the association of riders’ physical attributes with comfortable riding posture and optimal riding position

Muthiah

Singh

Karmakar

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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In recent years, there has been a keen interest in the design improvisation of motorcycles. However, the theoretical model of association between motorcycle design attributes (like frame size/riding position) and rider’s physical attributes (like anthropometry, range of motion (ROM), and comfort joint angles) are not well established. This study aims to estimate the relationship between rider’s physical attributes and motorcycle design attributes. During this experimental study, the data was collected from 120 motorcyclists (aged between 19 and 44 years) belonging to 20 major states of India. A test-rig was fabricated to obtain the perceived comfort posture and position data using image processing technique. The anthropometry and ROM were manually measured and verified by reliability testing. The principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression were used to reduce the set of variables and estimate the relationship between 10 comfortable riding position and joint angles (as dependent variables), and the reduced set of 29 anthropometry and 20 ROM measurements (as the independent variables). These results indicate that the comfort joint angles and riding position were significantly associated with the anthropometrics and ROM of the riders. Highly significant regression models were formulated to examine the relationship between the comfort joint angles/riding position and the anthropometrics and ROM of the riders. The findings may support the motorcycle designers to design a comfortable motorcycle complying with Indian anthropometry and ROM.

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Section: Declaration Of Conflicting Interestssupporting

confidence: 89%

Exploring the association of riders’ physical attributes with comfortable riding posture and optimal riding position

Muthiah

Singh

Karmakar

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Supported by the academic idea that the bicycle should fit the human body to maximize comfort [ 43 ] and performance [ 41 ], we demonstrated the contribution of muscle activity, other than lower limbs, using different bicycle-rider systems (handlebar height; bicycle frame length). For this purpose, we studied four muscles: AD, TD, GM, and LD, in four different conditions: HH, LH, LF, and SF, during three different intensities: 150 watts, 250 watts, and maximum intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johnston [ 30 ] observed that the biomechanics and efficiency of cycling are affected by the seat height, crank arm length, and foot position. The point is to improve the comfort of cycling, bearing in mind the concept of “fitting an object to the human body” [ 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Handlebar Height and Bicycle Frame Length on Muscular Activity during Cycling: A Pilot Study

Conceição¹,

Milheiro²,

Parraça

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The cycling literature is filled with reports of electromyography (EMG) analyses for a better understanding of muscle function during cycling. This research is not just limited to performance, as the cyclist’s goal may be rehabilitation, recreation, or competition, so a bicycle that meets the rider’s needs is essential for a more efficient muscular activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the contribution of the activity of each of the following muscles: TD (trapezius descending), LD (latissimus dorsi), GM (gluteus maximus), and AD (anterior deltoid) in response to different bicycle-rider systems (handlebar height; bicycle frame length) and intensities in a bicycle equipped with a potentiometer. Surface EMG signals from muscles on the right side of the body were measured. A general linear model test was used to analyze the differences between muscle activation in the test conditions. Effect sizes were calculated using a partial Eta2 (η2). The level of significance was set at 0.05. Muscle activation of different muscles differs, depending on the cycling condition (Pillai’s trace = 2.487; F (36.69) = 9.300; p < 0.001. η2 = 0.958), mostly during low intensities. In high intensities, one specific pattern emerges, with a greater contribution of GM and TD and weaker participation of LD and AD, enhancing the cycling power output.

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“…This study considered competition bicycles and ride-bicycles, where it was reported hands position above saddle (ride-bicycles), gave more comfort to conductos in relation to bicycles that gave position of handle under the saddle. (bicycles of competition) 15 The authors of previously pointed out study concluded the more lower positioning of handlebar, more cervical spine will be extended. Higher handlebars position, compared to handlebars positioned in competition bikes (lower), are more favorable to reduce load on cervico-thoracic spine segments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a change in grip position seems to be necessary to reduce risk of cycling paralysis during long-term pedaling. 4 Hsiao et al 15 found the bicycle posture that gives a more upright position was described as most comfortable during pedaling. This study considered competition bicycles and ride-bicycles, where it was reported hands position above saddle (ride-bicycles), gave more comfort to conductos in relation to bicycles that gave position of handle under the saddle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural Comparison Between a Conventional Bicycle Handlebar and an Elliptical Handlebar

Rodrigues

Serra

Liporaci

et al. 2019

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Cycling has been encouraged, not only as a way to reduce environmental pollution but also to improve people's health. For many, the bicycle is their sole form of transportation. In view of this growth, and potential risk of injury due to excessive bicycle use, an elliptical handlebar was developed with the purpose of modifying the hand and forearm grip and improving the rider's posture. Objective: To compare vertebral spine angulations with the use of conventional and elliptical handlebars. Methods: Twenty-six individuals participated in this study, in which they pedaled for two minutes with elliptical handlebars and two minutes with conventional handlebars, in order to compare the angulation of the vertebral spine using each type of handlebars. The images were filmed and evaluated by the Kinovea kinematic evaluation program. The statistical analysis was performed by Graphpad Prism 7. Results: It was observed that 88% of the participants had a more upright vertebral spine angulation when using the elliptical handlebar, with statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Bearing in mind that the handlebars were placed in similar support positions, it was observed, based on the quantified data, that the posture is more upright, and therefore more suitable, when using the elliptical handlebars. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies -Investigating a Diagnostic Test.

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Applying riding-posture optimization on bicycle frame design

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Exploring the association of riders’ physical attributes with comfortable riding posture and optimal riding position

Exploring the association of riders’ physical attributes with comfortable riding posture and optimal riding position

The Effect of Handlebar Height and Bicycle Frame Length on Muscular Activity during Cycling: A Pilot Study

Postural Comparison Between a Conventional Bicycle Handlebar and an Elliptical Handlebar

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