Apportioning and mitigation of losses in a Flywheel Energy Storage system

Gurumurthy, Salinamakki Ramabhatta; Sharma, Archana; Sarkar, Shreya; Agarwal, Vivek

doi:10.1109/pedg.2013.6785597

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These losses are mechanical (drag, bearing, friction), electrical (hysteresis, eddy current, copper), and power converter-related (switching and conduction) [89]. If flywheel losses can be kept to around 10%-20% run down per 24 h, given the available technologies and the lower speeds of the steel flywheel, the possibility for these applications is certainly promising.…”

Section: Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies and Their Applications

2017

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Abstract:Energy storage systems (ESS) provide a means for improving the efficiency of electrical systems when there are imbalances between supply and demand. Additionally, they are a key element for improving the stability and quality of electrical networks. They add flexibility into the electrical system by mitigating the supply intermittency, recently made worse by an increased penetration of renewable generation. One energy storage technology now arousing great interest is the flywheel energy storage systems (FESS), since this technology can offer many advantages as an energy storage solution over the alternatives. Flywheels have attributes of a high cycle life, long operational life, high round-trip efficiency, high power density, low environmental impact, and can store megajoule (MJ) levels of energy with no upper limit when configured in banks. This paper presents a critical review of FESS in regards to its main components and applications, an approach not captured in earlier reviews. Additionally, earlier reviews do not include the most recent literature in this fast-moving field. A description of the flywheel structure and its main components is provided, and different types of electric machines, power electronics converter topologies, and bearing systems for use in flywheel storage systems are discussed. The main applications of FESS are explained and commercially available flywheel prototypes for each application are described. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research.

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Section: Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies and Their Applications

2017

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“…Generally, FESS is classified as short-term response with high power density, with the ability to respond within seconds [57]. Storage duration can be prolonged to few hours without the loss of excessive amounts of energy as long as run-down losses are kept to a minimum.…”

Section: Applications Of Fessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a High-Fidelity Model for an Electrically Driven Energy Storage Flywheel Suitable for Small Scale Residential Applications

2018

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Energy storage systems (ESS) are key elements that can be used to improve electrical system efficiency by contributing to balance of supply and demand. They provide a means for enhancing the power quality and stability of electrical systems. They can enhance electrical system flexibility by mitigating supply intermittency, which has recently become problematic, due to the increased penetration of renewable generation. Flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) are a technology in which there is gathering interest due to a number of advantages offered over other storage solutions. These technical qualities attributed to flywheels include high power density, low environmental impact, long operational life, high round-trip efficiency and high cycle life. Furthermore, when configured in banks, they can store MJ levels of energy without any upper limit. Flywheels configured for grid connected operation are systems comprising of a mechanical part, the flywheel rotor, bearings and casings, and the electric drive part, inclusive of motor-generator (MG) and power electronics. This contribution focusses on the modelling and simulation of a high inertia FESS for energy storage applications which has the potential for use in the residential sector in more challenging situations, a subject area in which there are few publications. The type of electrical machine employed is a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and this, along with the power electronics drive, is simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. A brief description of the flywheel structure and applications are given as a means of providing context for the electrical modelling and simulation reported. The simulated results show that the system run-down losses are 5% per hour, with overall roundtrip efficiency of 88%. The flywheel speed and energy storage pattern comply with the torque variations, whilst the DC-bus voltage remains constant and stable within ±3% of the rated voltage, regardless of load fluctuations.

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“…2. The first set of resistances connected in parallel to the voltage source are R h (due to hysteresis loss), R eF (due to field flux dependent eddy current loss), and extra (anomalous) losses of the machine [6,7]. The next resistance connected in series with the voltage source is R s (due to the current dependent losses in the generator).…”

Section: Source Of Various Losses In the Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scope of this work is limited to the estimation of only current dependent eddy current loss and its contribution to the series component of source resistance of the generator. Various losses of the machine can be computed by using relations (6), (7) and (8) [6,7]. It is well known that the flux produced in the stator core due to armature current (B a ) is directly proportional to armature current and as per the following relation:…”

Section: Source Of Various Losses In the Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Design considerations for a PM-BLDC machine for flywheel energy storage applications

Gurumurthy

Agarwal

Sharma

2015

2015 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)

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This paper gives the guidelines for the design of BLDC generator and selection of a bi-directional converter topology for optimal energy harvesting from a Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) system. A typical FES system consists of a rectifier, a bi-directional converter (BDC), an electrical machine (BLDC generator), and a flywheel. The BDC is operated as a boost converter for maintaining a constant dc bus voltage while energy is being harvested from the flywheel. Internal resistance (R s ) of the source significantly affects the boost converter gain and harvestable energy. It is important to model this source resistance to design an effective energy harvesting system. Dependency of this source resistance on machine parameters needs to be studied and modeled. An extensive analysis of the BLDC machine has been carried out using FEM/FFT to understand this phenomenon. This has helped in predicting R s and choosing appropriate converter topology for optimizing the harvestable energy. Those losses in a BLDC generator, which reflect as series source resistance to the BDC, have been quantified. An FES system of 5.0kW rating with a backup time of 60sec has been built and evaluated. The results obtained from this set up have been analyzed to validate the theoretical analysis of the overall system.

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Apportioning and mitigation of losses in a Flywheel Energy Storage system

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies and Their Applications

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies and Their Applications

Development of a High-Fidelity Model for an Electrically Driven Energy Storage Flywheel Suitable for Small Scale Residential Applications

Design considerations for a PM-BLDC machine for flywheel energy storage applications

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