Approach to a water safety plan for recreational waters: disinfection of a drainage pumping station as an unconventional point source of fecal contamination

Carducci, Annalaura; Federigi, Ileana; Cioni, Lorenzo; Landucci, A.; Donzelli, Gabriele; Iannelli, Renato; Pretti, Carlo; Tardelli, Federica; Casu, Valentina; Verani, Marco

doi:10.2166/h2oj.2020.017

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, there are different methods typically applied at the local scale like the Blue Flag (Foundation for Environmental Education) in Italy. Since the pollutant loads originated from CSOs are one reason to exceed threshold values of these local guidelines, states and municipalities need to make greater efforts to develop storm water management strategies to reduce them (Tondera et al, 2019;Venditto et al, 2020) and carry out specific water safety plan (Carducci et al, 2020). All above mentioned reasons create a high-priority need to minimize the environmental risks of CSO events, which represents a great challenge for public utilities due to the high number of CSOs in urban catchments (Launay et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catchment-wide validated assessment of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in a mediterranean coastal area and possible disinfection methods to mitigate microbial contamination

Crocetti

Eusebi

Bruni

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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The first phase of this study aimed to evaluate the environmental impact of combined sewer overflow (CSO) events originated from 35 spillways on the Rio Vallescura catchment (Central Italy) and to understand their contribution to the deterioration of the coastal bathing water quality. A specific analytical campaign was carried out in the sewer system and a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation model was developed and integrated with a water quality model and further validated. The simulations led to identify the most critical spills in terms of flow rate and selected pollutant loads (i.e. suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, Escherichia coli). Specifically, the E. coli release in the water body due to CSO events represented almost 100% of the different pollutant sources considered. In the second phase, the applicability of various disinfection methods was investigated on the CSOs introduced into the catchment. On site physical (UV) and lab-scale chemical (peracetic acid (PAA), performic acid (PFA), ozone) disinfectant agents were tested on microbial indicators including E. coli and intestinal enterococci. PFA and ozone were more effective on the removal of both bacteria (above 3.5 log units) even at low concentration and with short contact time; whereas, PAA showed a moderate removal efficiency (around 2.5 log units) only for E. coli. The highest removal efficiency was achieved in the on-site UV unit and none of the indicator bacteria was detected in the final effluent after the sand filtration and UV treatment. Finally, potential scenarios were developed in comparison to the baseline scenario for the management and treatment of CSOs where a mitigation of E. coli loads from 28% to 73% was achieved on the receiving water body, and a comparative cost assessment of the disinfection methods was provided for in situ treatment of the most critical spillway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catchment-wide validated assessment of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in a mediterranean coastal area and possible disinfection methods to mitigate microbial contamination

Crocetti

Eusebi

Bruni

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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“…Physical and mantel health will be encountered due to weight gain during the lockdown. (Carducci et al, 2020) , (Andrade, 2020), (Naja and Hamadeh, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relevance of dietetic approach of Ayurveda from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic

Khabade¹,

Rathi²,

Rathi³

2020

ijrps

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A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and spread globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus as a COVID- 19, a global pandemic. This pandemic happened to be followed by some restrictions, and specially lockdown playing the leading role for the people to get disassociated with their personal and social schedules. And now the food is the most necessary thing to take care of. It seems the new challenge for the individual is self-isolation to maintain themselves on the health basis and fight against the pandemic situation by boosting their immunity. Food organised by proper diet may maintain the physical and mental health of the individual. Ayurveda aims to promote and preserve the health, strength and the longevity of the healthy person and to cure the disease by properly channelling with and without Ahara. In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered as one of the critical pillars of life, and Langhana plays an important role too. This article will review the relevance of dietetic approach described in Ayurveda with and without food (Asthavidhi visheshaytana & Lanhgan) during COVID-19 like a pandemic.

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“…For such microbial parameters, the number of wet days was limited (<20 observations for each WWTP), but the same trend has been observed in both WWTPs, thus suggesting the reliability of the results. In fact, this phenomenon may be attributable to parasitic rainwater in sewer network structures, which could be responsible for an increase in the levels of microbial contamination in the entering waters as well as an increase in the flowrate, which can reduce the retention time and, consequently, the effectiveness of the treatments [52][53][54]. Moreover, E. coli levels in the outlet samples were also influenced by chlorine disinfection, which was more efficient in WWTP2 compared to WWTP1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Treatment Plants Performance for Reuse: Evaluation of Bacterial and Viral Risks

Federigi,

Salvadori,

Lauretani

et al. 2024

Water

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Reusing reclaimed water is of paramount importance to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 13. In Europe, a recent Regulation set minimum requirements for water reuse in agriculture. However, some challenges remain considering microbial risks and their prevention. In this study, two urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated from the perspective of reuse. A five-year investigation was performed on routine monitoring parameters collected under different weather conditions (wet/dry) and treatments (chlorination/non-chlorination) in inlet and outlet samples. Moreover, a three-month investigation focused on microbial parameters, including indicators, index pathogens (Human Adenovirus—HAdV, Salmonella spp.), and other viral pathogens (norovirus, enterovirus, and SARS-CoV-2). The long-term study revealed the compliance of both WWTPs for chemical parameters (organic substances and solids) in more than 90% of samples, whereas for Escherichia coli, the compliance ranged from 96.1% with chlorination under dry weather to 16.7% without chlorination in wet days. E. coli was positively associated with chemical oxygen demand (COD), which could be a promising and online measurable proxy of E. coli. The study on microbial performance demonstrated sound reliability in detecting E. coli as a suitable surrogate for Salmonella in chlorinated effluents, but neither bacterial nor viral indicators are able to represent HAdV. Although chlorination was able to remove most of the pathogens considered, the compliance with microbial indicators seems insufficient to represent viral water safety.

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Approach to a water safety plan for recreational waters: disinfection of a drainage pumping station as an unconventional point source of fecal contamination

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Catchment-wide validated assessment of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in a mediterranean coastal area and possible disinfection methods to mitigate microbial contamination

Catchment-wide validated assessment of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in a mediterranean coastal area and possible disinfection methods to mitigate microbial contamination

The relevance of dietetic approach of Ayurveda from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic

Wastewater Treatment Plants Performance for Reuse: Evaluation of Bacterial and Viral Risks

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