“…The terminology varies, often without explanation or due consideration being given to the effect, and sometimes the same terms are used to describe different phenomena. Examples include "appropriability regime" (Lamin and Ramos, 2016;Teece, 1986), "means of appropriation" (Levin et al, 1987), "appropriability mechanisms" (Cohen et al, 2000;Hall and Sena, 2017), "modes of appropriability/appropriation" (Thomä and Bizer, 2013), "appropriation advantage" (Di Minin and Faems, 2013), "appropriation strategy" (Alexy and Reitzig, 2013;Leiponen and Byma, 2009), and "appropriability strategy" (Hsu and Chuang, 2014;Laursen and Salter, 2014;Winter, 2006). The fragmentation raises the question of whether findings have been consolidated.…”