Appropriate material selection for surrogate leg models subjected to blast loading

Cronin, Duane S.; Salisbury, Christopher; Worswick, Mike; Pick, R.J.; Williams, Kevin; Bourget, Daniel

doi:10.1016/b978-008043896-2/50118-2

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…1, which yield G = 1.552E4 Pa , K = 2.076E9 Pa , E = 4.656E4 Pa , and ν = 0.4999963. The static stiffness of the Synbone skull has been measured from uniaxial tensile tests, E = 1.4E9 Pa , which is in agreement with values reported in literature (Cronin et al, 2000); ν = 0.469, and the density is 700 kg/m 3 . The compression wave speed and shear wave speed of the Synbone material is c p = 3415 m/s and c s = 825 m/s respectively.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Physics of IED blast shock tube simulations for mTBI research

Varas¹

2011

Front. Neur.

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Shock tube experiments and simulations are conducted with a spherical gelatin filled skull–brain surrogate, in order to study the mechanisms leading to blast induced mild traumatic brain injury. A shock tube including sensor system is optimized to simulate realistic improvised explosive device blast profiles obtained from full scale field tests. The response of the skull–brain surrogate is monitored using pressure and strain measurements. Fluid–structure interaction is modeled using a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for the air blast, and a finite element model for the structural response. The results help to understand the physics of wave propagation, from air blast into the skull–brain. The presence of openings on the skull and its orientation does have a strong effect on the internal pressure. A parameter study reveals that when there is an opening in the skull, the skull gives little protection and the internal pressure is fairly independent on the skull stiffness; the gelatin shear stiffness has little effect on the internal pressure. Simulations show that the presence of pressure sensors in the gelatin hardly disturbs the pressure field.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Physics of IED blast shock tube simulations for mTBI research

Varas¹

2011

Front. Neur.

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“…(ii) Single-use surrogates Single-use surrogate lower limbs specifically designed to assess the effects of blasts include the complex lower leg (CLL) and the frangible surrogate leg (FSL) [32,45,46]. The CLL has been tested at the TROSS set-up and was claimed to show realistic injury patterns and biofidelic response under footplate velocities of 3.4 -8.5 m s 21 [32].…”

Section: Current Clinical Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vehicle extremity injuries from improvised explosive devices: current and future foci

Ramasamy

Masouros

Newell

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have been epitomized by the insurgents' use of the improvised explosive device against vehicle-borne security forces. These weapons, capable of causing multiple severely injured casualties in a single incident, pose the most prevalent single threat to Coalition troops operating in the region. Improvements in personal protection and medical care have resulted in increasing numbers of casualties surviving with complex lower limb injuries, often leading to long-term disability. Thus, there exists an urgent requirement to investigate and mitigate against the mechanism of extremity injury caused by these devices. This will necessitate an ontological approach, linking molecular, cellular and tissue interaction to physiological dysfunction. This can only be achieved via a collaborative approach between clinicians, natural scientists and engineers, combining physical and numerical modelling tools with clinical data from the battlefield. In this article, we compile existing knowledge on the effects of explosions on skeletal injury, review and critique relevant experimental and computational research related to lower limb injury and damage and propose research foci required to drive the development of future mitigation technologies.

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“…The input data includes density, Poisson's ratio and a load curve (either force-displacement or stress-strain) which it uses to calculate the two parameters A and B. This model, with an appropriate strain-rate curve at the expected strain rates, has been used for modeling polyurethane rubber response to blast loading with some success [3][4][5].…”

Section: Nearly Incompressible Rubber Materials (Polyureth Ane)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical modelling allows for the evaluation of many concepts at a lower cost. To ensure that numerical mod-els will be realistic, several simpler models have been analysed and validated with experimental results [3][4][5]. These models found that the explosive gases expand at speeds as high as 1800 m/s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Strain Rate Characterization of Shock Absorbing Materials for Landmine Protection Concepts

McArthur

Salisbury

Cronin

et al. 2002

Shock and Vibration

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Numerical modelling of footwear to protect against anti-personnel landmines requires dynamic material properties in the appropriate strain rate regime to accurately simulate material response. Several materials (foamed metals, honeycombs and polymers) are used in existing protective boots, however published data at high strain rates is limited.Dynamic testing of several materials was performed using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SHPB) of various sizes and materials. The data obtained from these tests has been incorporated into material models to predict the initial stress wave propagation through the materials. Recommendations for the numerical modeling of these materials have also been included.

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Appropriate material selection for surrogate leg models subjected to blast loading

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Physics of IED blast shock tube simulations for mTBI research

Physics of IED blast shock tube simulations for mTBI research

In-vehicle extremity injuries from improvised explosive devices: current and future foci

High Strain Rate Characterization of Shock Absorbing Materials for Landmine Protection Concepts

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