Appropriateness to set a group health based guidance value for nivalenol and its modified forms

Knutsen, Helle Katrine; Barregård, Lars; Bignami, Margherita; Brüschweiler, Beat Johannes; Ceccatelli, Sandra; Cottrill, Bruce; Dinovi, Michael; Edler, Lutz; Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina; Högstrand, Christer; Hoogenboom, L.A.P.; Nebbia, Carlo; Oswald, Isabelle P.; Petersen, Annette; Rose, Martin; Roudot, Alain‐Claude; Schwerdtle, Tanja; Vleminckx, Christiane; Vollmer, Günter; Wallace, Heather M.; Dall’Asta, Chiara; Gutleb, Arno C.; Metzler, Manfred; Parent‐Massin, D.; Binaglia, Marco; Steinkellner, Hans; Alexander, Jan

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4751

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, in relation to the NIV, considering the potential risk of NIV3G hydrolysis in the human gastrointestinal tract and its co-occurrence with NIV in cereal grains, the EFSA concluded that NIV3G should also be included in the group Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) and RfD together with NIV. Unfortunately, the scientific data on the presence of DON3G, and especially NIV3G in food, is still limited [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Selected Trichothecenes during the Wheat Malting Production

Bryła

Ksieniewicz-Woźniak

Michałowska

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The transformation of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and their glucosides (DON3G and NIV3G) during the malting of grains of two wheat varieties was studied. The concentration of DON3G and NIV3G started to increase significantly before the concentration of DON and NIV increased. This may reflect the transformation of the parent mycotoxin forms into their glucosides due to xenobiotic detoxification reactions. After a sharp rise during the last 2 days of the process (day 6 and 7), the DON concentration reached 3010 ± 338 µg/kg in the Legenda wheat-based malt and 4678 ± 963 µg/kg in the Pokusa wheat-based malt. The NIV concentration, at 691 ± 65 µg/kg, remained the same as that in the dry grain. The concentration of DON3G in the Legenda and Pokusa wheat-based malt was five and three times higher, respectively, than that in the steeped grain. The concentration of NIV3G in the Legenda wheat-based malt was more than twice as high as that in the steeped grain. The sharp increase in the concentration of DON at the end of the malting process reflected the high pathogen activity. We set aside some samples to study a batch that was left undisturbed without turning and aeration, for the entire period of malting. The concentration of DON in the malt produced from the latter batch was 135% and 337% higher, for Legenda and Pokusa, respectively, than that in the malt produced from the batch that was turned and aerated. The NIV concentration was 22% higher in the latter batch.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Selected Trichothecenes during the Wheat Malting Production

Bryła

Ksieniewicz-Woźniak

Michałowska

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…The worst scenario was obtained for NIV, with a mean PDI that is almost 30 folds higher than the reference TDI. An additional comment to be performed on the uncertainty around NIV and PDI, regards the excretion rate (ER) that, as reported in the literature, is derived from animal studies exclusively [ 19 ], therefore weighting to the uncertainty of the estimation. Moreover, the number of BM data available was critically low and coming from only two countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ER of 72% was considered for DON according to Turner et al [ 48 ]. In the absence of human data, a value of animal urinary excretion rate of 1% was the best approximation value available for NIV [ 19 ]. An ER of 36.8% calculated for piglet, was considered for ZEN excretion in accordance with Gambacorta et al [ 49 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overall Exposure of European Adult Population to Mycotoxins by Statistically Modelled Biomonitoring Data

Santis¹,

Debegnach²,

Toscano

et al. 2021

Toxins

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This study presents the exposure scenario to mycotoxins of adult population throughout Europe. The urinary biomarkers values were obtained by modelling data from two European projects. Exposure to AFB1, OTA, CIT, FBs, DON, NIV and T2/HT2 are presented. The main output obtained refers to a concern for public health about AFM1, FBs, T2/HT2 and NIV, and low concern for OTA, DON and CIT. The margin of exposure for AFM1 did not respect the reference value of 10,000 considered of low priority for risk; for Fusarium toxins, FBs and T2/HT2, probable daily intake (PDI) values resulted about ten times higher than their tolerable daily intake and NIV presented the most critical situation with a calculated PDI 30 times higher than the reference TDI value. North and South Europe scenarios were also depicted by clustering biomonitoring data. OTA and DON showed to be prevalent in Northern countries and the opposite was noticed for ZEN, higher in Southern countries. The critical issues of the availability of records feeding the dataset and of the accuracy of excretion rate for some mycotoxins are source of uncertainty for the reliability of the outputs, nevertheless the time is ripe for asking for more concrete HBM values and/or HBM-HBGV which would help in interpreting the burden of mycotoxins in Europe.

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“…The chemical hazards of interest in food safety in Spain were already identified by the Committee, and the fellow was assigned to work on the emerging Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins (ENNs) and nivalenol (NIV); and pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). ENNs and NIV were of interest because either they are not yet regulated, and/or they can co-occur with other mycotoxins (CONTAM Panel, 2014, 2017a, while PAs are a large group of plant secondary metabolites highly toxic to humans and animals (CONTAM Panel, 2017b). A literature search was conducted to identify relevant scientific data on ENNs, NIV and PAs relevant for food safety in Spain.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment methodologies in the field of contaminants, food contact materials, technological ingredients and nutritional risks

Bromatology¹,

Cătunescu²,

Troncoso³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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The programme aimed at training the fellow in the risk assessment guidelines proposed by the EFSA in the field of contaminants, food contact materials, technological ingredients and nutritional risks. It had a modular ‘learning by doing’ approach and a balanced learning/case studies and theory. Module 1 offered an insight into chemical risk assessment and conferred transferable skills for a proper application of the framework. The hands‐on activities consisted of three case studies that went from a simple exercise on an official opinion, to working in a team with experts to produce a new opinion, to an individual work to obtain a publishable review manuscript. Module 2 was a training in experimental toxicology designed to create a toxicological basis and to enable the fellow to perform toxicological studies for risk assessment purposes. She joined the team working on cyanotoxins, gained experience with both EFSA and Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines on genotoxicity and an insight into the developing of analytical methods suitable for risk assessment purposes. During module 3, the fellow was trained in nutritional risk assessment and involved in experimental work in chemical characterisation, biomarkers and mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds. This developed the critical perspective when assessing nutritional and health claims related the design of experiments, methods used, interpretation of results and human relevance. Module 4 provided a ‘hand‐on experience’ in scientific risk communication as the fellow was encouraged and supported in the participation at local, national and international workshops and congresses presenting the outcomes of the three modules. Thus, the fellow was successfully integrated in the day‐by‐day workflow of the department, gaining first‐hand practical experience in risk assessment in a multicultural and interdisciplinary context. This enabled a productive exchange of good practices and contributed to building a European risk assessment community.

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Appropriateness to set a group health based guidance value for nivalenol and its modified forms

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

Transformation of Selected Trichothecenes during the Wheat Malting Production

Transformation of Selected Trichothecenes during the Wheat Malting Production

Overall Exposure of European Adult Population to Mycotoxins by Statistically Modelled Biomonitoring Data

Risk assessment methodologies in the field of contaminants, food contact materials, technological ingredients and nutritional risks

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