APROSYS in-depth database of serious pedestrian and cyclist impacts with vehicles

Carter, E. L.; Neal-Sturgess, Clive; Hardy, Roger

doi:10.1080/13588260802411457

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, pedestrian accident databases with indepth investigation on both crashes and injuries are available for only a small number of developed countries. These include the U.S. Pedestrian Crash Data Study (PCDS) (Ivarsson et al 2005;Zhang et al 2008;Helmer et al 2010), the German In Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) (Fredriksson et al 2010;Otte et al 2012), and the European In Depth Pedestrian Database APROSYS (Advanced PROtection SYStems) (Carter et al 2008). The International Harmonized Research Activities Pedestrian Safety Working Group (IHRA/PS-WG) combined recent pedestrian-injury data from Japan, Germany,…”

Section: Pedestrian Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward designing pedestrian-friendly vehicles

Klinich

2015

IJVS

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Due to a rise in global urbanization and motorization, pedestrian injuries continue to be a major public-health problem worldwide. To design pedestrian-friendly vehicles, knowledge of common pedestrian injuries, technologies available for reducing these injuries, and benefit estimations for these technologies are essential. In this report, we present a literature review and provide insights into vehicle designs for improving pedestrian safety. Pedestrian-injury data show that heads and lower extremities are the most commonly injured body regions in vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes, but chest injuries are the second most common injuries after head injuries to cause fatalities. Pedestrian injuries are strongly related to impact speed, pedestrian age, and vehicle type. The increased proportion of older pedestrians and SUVs will likely result in more pedestrian injuries, especially those involving the torso. Adding energy-absorbing materials to the vehicle front-end structures is the most cost-effective way of developing pedestrian-friendly vehicles. However, such improvements often conflict with other design considerations, such as styling, aerodynamics, and safety standards for low-speed crashes and rollovers. Deployable passive safety designs, such as pop-up hoods and windshield airbags, and active safety designs, such as brake-assist systems and autonomous-braking systems, have demonstrated considerable benefits for reducing pedestrian injuries. Integrated passive and active systems are recommended for a further enhancement of pedestrian protection. However, the benefits from different pedestrian-safety designs vary with different types of vehicles and pedestrians with different statures and ages. Consequently it is important to consider implementing specific safety designs to a specific vehicle for maximizing the effectiveness, and population-age profile may also play an important role in selecting pedestrian safety features.

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Section: Pedestrian Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward designing pedestrian-friendly vehicles

Klinich

2015

IJVS

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“…Especially, the lower limbs have been found in previous literature to be the most commonly injured body segment, accounting for about 32.6% of the AIS-2-6 pedestrian injuries [International Harmonized Research Activities (IHRA) 2001;Cater et al 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Injury criteria of knee joint regarding car–pedestrian impact environments

Arnoux

Cesari³

et al. 2012

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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“…By the analysis of accidental data, passenger vehicles have been proved to be responsible for most pedestrian injuries [16,27]. Pedestrian lower limbs are the most frequently injured body regions [12,19] and the investigation of their injuries is continuously concerned by researchers using research methods of both experimental tests and finite element simulations (FESs) [4,24,30,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidences of various passenger vehicle front-end designs on pedestrian lower limb injuries

Arnoux

Avalle

et al. 2015

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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The present study aims to investigate the influence of various passenger vehicle front-end designs on knee ligaments and tibia injuries of pedestrian lower limbs by finite element simulations. Using a detailed finite element model of the lower limb, this work was focused on tibia fractures and knee ligament ruptures of lower limbs during vehicle-pedestrian impacts. The influences of vehicle front-end structures on the risk of these two injury occurrences were investigated using super mini, small family car, executive car, and multipurpose vehicle passenger vehicle types. The overall results show that the bumper beam design play an important role in inducing pedestrian lower limb injuries. Its height to the road surface, width in the height direction, and the deformable depth between it and the bumper fascia should be all considered in the vehicle design to protect pedestrian lower limbs

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APROSYS in-depth database of serious pedestrian and cyclist impacts with vehicles

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Toward designing pedestrian-friendly vehicles

Toward designing pedestrian-friendly vehicles

Injury criteria of knee joint regarding car–pedestrian impact environments

Incidences of various passenger vehicle front-end designs on pedestrian lower limb injuries

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