Aptasensors for biosecurity applications

Fischer, Nicholas O.; Tarasow, Theodore M.; Tok, Jeffrey B.‐H.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.05.017

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Additionally, directly tagging proteins with nucleic acids can be somewhat cumbersome, although the use of protein moieties such as SA has to some extent reduced this shortcoming (101,102). Direct conjugation to antibodies suffers from a lack of precision and often results in uneven numbers of oligonucleotides per antibody, thus introducing higher rates of error and potentially lowering sensitivity (103,104). However, because aptamers are already made of nucleic acids, each aptamer can be readily extended to form a conjugation site for a hybridizing nucleic acid that in turn can be conjugated to virtually any molecule.…”

Section: Immuno-polymerase Chain Reaction With Aptamersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Aptamers as Sensors

Cho

Lee

Ellington

2009

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

745

588

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Aptamers are ligand-binding nucleic acids whose affinities and selectivities can rival those of antibodies. They have been adapted to analytical applications not only as alternatives to antibodies, but as unique reagents in their own right. In particular, aptamers can be readily site-specifically modified during chemical or enzymatic synthesis to incorporate particular reporters, linkers, or other moieties. Also, aptamer secondary structures can be engineered to undergo analyte-dependent conformational changes, which, in concert with the ability to specifically place chemical agents, opens up a wealth of possible signal transduction schemas, irrespective of whether the detection modality is optical, electrochemical, or mass based. Finally, because aptamers are nucleic acids, they are readily adapted to sequence- (and hence signal-) amplification methods. However, application of aptamers without a basic knowledge of their biochemistry or technical requirements can cause serious analytical difficulties.

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Section: Immuno-polymerase Chain Reaction With Aptamersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Aptamers as Sensors

Cho

Lee

Ellington

2009

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

745

588

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Aptamers are short nucleic acid sequences (single-stranded RNA or DNA) that selectively bind with high specificity and affinity to non-nucleic targets such as proteins as well as a large variety of other targets that include ions, toxins, drug molecules, cells and tissues [45][46][47][48] (see ref. 49 for a comprehensive aptamer database). Binding occurs not through sequence hybridization but via interaction of the target with particular 3-D stemloop and internal loop structures formed by the nucleic acids.…”

Section: Iii1 Nucleic Acid Aptamer Microarraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray methods for protein biomarker detection

Lee

Wark

Corn

2008

Analyst

137

108

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The application of protein biomarkers as an aid for the detection and treatment of diseases has been subject to intensified interest in recent years. The quantitative assaying of protein biomarkers in easily obtainable biological fluids such as serum and urine offers the opportunity to improve patient care via earlier and more accurate diagnoses in a convenient, non-invasive manner as well as providing a potential route towards more individually targeted treatment. Essential to achieving progress in biomarker technology is the ability to screen large numbers of proteins simultaneously in a single experiment with high sensitivity and selectivity. In this article, we highlight recent progress in the use of microarrays for high-throughput biomarker profiling and discuss some of the challenges associated with these efforts. I IntroductionThe discovery of protein biomarkers whose change in expression level or state correlates with the progression of a disease is becoming increasingly important. Once validated, proposed biomarkers can be involved in achieving an earlier diagnosis, differentiating between disease types with greater accuracy, and assessing response to treatment. Prominent examples of biomarkers include proteins that are associated with a variety of cancers, 1-4 as well as heart, 5,6 renal, 7,8 andAlzheimer's 9,10 diseases.Most biomarker studies reported to date have focused on serum-, plasmaand urine-based samples. A number of other possibilities include saliva, tears, breath condensates, cerebrospinal fluid and tissue lysates extracted from biopsy samples. There are several excellent reviews detailing biomarker discovery and validation. [11][12][13][14][15] The potential benefits of biomarkers have greatly motivated both academic and industry researchers to apply new proteomic technologies for biomarker discovery and to develop quantitative analytical methodologies for rapid and sensitive biomarker detection. Many clinically relevant biomarkers reside in blood at picomolar concentrations and lower, which is five to seven orders of magnitude lower than the most abundant plasma proteins. Therefore, protein detection with high specificity and sensitivity is required; unfortunately, no universal ultrasensitive enzymatic amplification method (such as PCR for the case of nucleic acid detection) exists for proteins. Additionally, it is desirable to screen multiple proteins simultaneously in a single sample. Multiplexed measurements are attractive not only for economic reasons but also for identifying characteristic signal patterns associated with the relative changes in entire sets of proteins as this will provide much more insight and diagnostic accuracy than individual biomarker measurements.hyejinlee@knu.ac.kr. 14,19,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Although microarray methods are wellestablished for high-throughput nucleic acid studies, their application for protein detection has been limited by issues such as the surface immobilization of protein capture probes without loss in bioactivity as well a...

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“…This should drive ''diagnostic methodologies,'' which has already been demonstrated conventionally in Yeast and mammalian cell cultures for determination of carbohydrate homeostasis in living cells with subcellular resolution (Fehr et al 2005). Furthermore, analytical micro-and nanodevices employing aptamers are increasingly sought after to support the fight against bioterrorism (Fischer et al 2007). …”

Section: Conclusion and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging applications of aptamers to micro- and nanoscale biosensing

Nguyen

Hilton

Lin

2009

Microfluid Nanofluid

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Micro-and nanofabrication has allowed the production of ultra-sensitive, portable, and inexpensive biosensors. These devices generally rely on chemical or biological receptors which recognize a particular compound of interest and relay this recognition event effectively by transduction. Recent advances in RNA and DNA synthesis have enabled the use of aptamers, in vitro generated oligonucleotides, which offer high affinity biomolecular recognition to a theoretically limitless variety of analytes. DNA and RNA aptamers have gained so much attention in the biosensor community, that they have begun competing with more established affinity ligands including enzymes, lectins, and most notably, immunoreceptors such as antibodies. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art of aptasensors, or biosensors that use aptamers as molecular recognition elements, emphasizing the synergy between aptamer-based biosensing and micro-and nanotechnology. Aptasensors developed on micro-and nanoscale platforms based on mass changes, electroanalytical techniques, optical transduction, and purification and separation methods will be covered.

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Aptasensors for biosecurity applications

Cited by 57 publications

References 68 publications

Applications of Aptamers as Sensors

Applications of Aptamers as Sensors

Microarray methods for protein biomarker detection

Emerging applications of aptamers to micro- and nanoscale biosensing

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