Aqra Anticline: A Growing Structure in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Ghafur, Ala A.; Sissakian, Varoujan K.; Abdulhaq, Hawkar A.; Omar, Hassan O.

doi:10.14500/aro.10535

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…They used the same geomorphological and structural forms that have been used in this study. Ghafur et al (2019) conducted a tectonic-geomorphological study on the Aqra anticline, confirming its lateral growth using geomorphological and structural forms. Finally, in the latest study conducted by Sissakian et al (2020), the authors studied the lateral growth of the Handreen, Zozik, and Tanoun anticlines in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, relying on geomorphological features.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Determining the Tectonic Origin of the Gara and Mateen Anticlines Using Geomorphological and Structural Forms, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

et al. 2020

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Gara and Mateen are 2 major anticlines in the northern part of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, located in the vicinity of the town Amadiyah. Both anticlines are oriented in an almost east–west (E–W) trend with a steep southern limb. The length and width of the Gara and Mateen anticlines are 87 km and 63 km, and 11 km and 9.5 km, respectively. The 2 anticlines are separated by a wide and shallow syncline filled by the Tertiary rocks of the Pliocene–Pleistocene age. The oldest exposed rocks in the Gara and Mateen anticlines are from the Triassic age. The carapace of both anticlines is built up by the Bekhme and Qamchuqa formations. The geomorphological and structural features were studied through satellite images and geological maps. Based on these studies, it was found that both anticlines show clear geomorphological and structural features that indicate their lateral growth. Among those features are water and wind gaps, different shapes of valleys that indicate lateral growth, abandoned alluvial fans, whale-back shapes, en-echelon plunges, and multiple dome anticlines. Furthermore, the rate of upward movements was calculated using neotectonic data. In addition, the rate of river and stream incisions was calculated on the basis of the height of the river terrace levels.

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Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Determining the Tectonic Origin of the Gara and Mateen Anticlines Using Geomorphological and Structural Forms, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

et al. 2020

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“…3). Ghafur et al (2019) studied the Aqra anticline that is located NW of the Shakrook anticline and showed that the Aqra anticline is laterally growing. They used different geomorphological and structural indications to confirm the growth of the anticline.…”

Section: Fig 1 Satellite Image Showing Shakrook Anticline With Locations Of the Presented Images In The Text With Their Serial Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Shakrook anticline exhibits very complicated structural form that is quite different from the existing anticlines in near surroundings, and it is oriented in a NW -SE trend. The Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR) is considered as tectonically an active area, it forms the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate (Berberian, 1993, Blanc et al, 2003, Bennett et al, 2005, Ramsey et al, 2008, Ghafur et al, 2019, Sissakian et al, 2020. The anticlines in the region are developed due to collision of the Arabian Plate with the Eurasian (Iranian) Plate, forming a convergent tectonic plate boundary (Alavi, 2004, Allen et al, 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lateral growth accompanied with the exerted forces due to the collision have deformed the normal shapes of the anticlines giving to many of those anticlines anomalous shapes by forming enechelon plunges (Campbell, 1958), swinging of the fold axes and developing of hanging synclines (Sissakian and Fouad, 2015). Different geomorphological and structural forms along many anticlines in the IKR indicate that the lateral growth of the anticlines is still active (Ghafur et al, 2019, Sissakian et al, 2020. The location of the Shakrook anticline is in the eastern part of the IKR, about 80 km northeast of Erbil city (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shakrook Anticline, a Very Complicated Structural Form, North Iraq, Kurdistan Region

Sissakian

Ghafur

Abdulhaq

et al. 2021

IGJ

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The Shakrook anticline has very a complicated structural form, this is attributed to three thrust faults, and the presence of four anticlinal axes with the main anticlinal body. The most northwest existing anticline is called in the current study the Sisawa anticline, the main two anticlines are called the Shakrook East and Shakrook West, whereas the fourth one is called the Biluk anticline it is developed along the southwestern limb of the Shakrook East anticline. The exposed rocks in the Shakrook anticline range from Upper Jurassic to the Paleogene age. The bulk of the main Shakrook anticline is formed by the Bekhme Formation (Upper Cretaceous age), whereas the bulk of the Sisawa anticline is formed of the Shiranish Formation (Upper Cretaceous age) with Paleogene and Neogene aged rocks. Geological maps and high-quality satellite images were used to elucidate the complex structural form of the Shakrook anticline. The updated geological map is quite different from those existing geological maps. A field investigation was carried out to check the interpreted data and to implement photography to the interested structural and geomorphological forms. Different geomorphological forms also were interpreted; they all refer to the lateral growth of the Shakrook anticline.

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“…Aqra and Bakhme formations are consist of reef limestone, Aqra Fm. is locally dolomitized, siliceous, and impregnated with bitumen, Bakhme is secondary dolomitized, the Pila Spi Formation comprises well-bedded, bituminous, chalky, and crystalline limestone, with bands of white, chalky marl, and with chert nodules towards the top (Jassim & Goff, 2006), the formation spreads on both sides of the Aqra fold as a belt with a thickness of 85 m and a widespread, especially in the northwest of the fold depression (Ghafur et al, 2019). The Fatha Formation components are various, it comprises anhydrite, gypsum, and salt inter bedded with limestone and marl, the formation appears in the Aqra fold, as it follows the formation of Pila Spi in an unconformity manner (Aqrawi, 1990).…”

Section: Stratigraphy Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Selected Springs Water in Aqra Area, Duhok Governorate, Northern Iraq

Aqrawi

2021

IGJ

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Fifteen spring water samples were collected from the study area, to identify its quality, as well as the prevailing water type in it. samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of main cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+, and anions HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-, as well as investigating the physio-chemical properties represented by Hydrogen Number, Electrical Conductivity, and Total Dissolved Solids. Piper classification demonstrated that all samples are of type normal earth alkaline water with prevailing bicarbonate with a percentage of 79.9% of all the samples, except for SP4, SP9, and SP11, which characterized with normal alkaline water with prevailing bicarbonate and sulfate or chloride with a percentage of 19.9%. The results of the analysis showed a prevalence of calcium ions over the rest of the cations followed by Mg2+, Na+, and K+, and a prevalence of HCO3- ion over the rest of the anions followed by NO3-, Cl-, and SO42-. The water quality index showed that all samples are categorized within the excellent type for drinking, with a range of 3.14-29.94. In addition, several classifications used (Eaton, 1950, Turgeon, 2000 and Don, 1995) demonstrated that the water is of excellent type to use for irrigation with Na%=2.51, Sodium Adsorption Ratio=0.08, and RSC=-1.65. Using Wilcox Diagram for irrigation water; show that all samples are within the domain of the excellent water for irrigation.

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Aqra Anticline: A Growing Structure in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Determining the Tectonic Origin of the Gara and Mateen Anticlines Using Geomorphological and Structural Forms, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Determining the Tectonic Origin of the Gara and Mateen Anticlines Using Geomorphological and Structural Forms, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Shakrook Anticline, a Very Complicated Structural Form, North Iraq, Kurdistan Region

Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Selected Springs Water in Aqra Area, Duhok Governorate, Northern Iraq

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