Aquaporins in the Skin

Patel, Ravi R; Heard, L. Kevin; Chen, Xunsheng; Bollag, Wendy B.

doi:10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_11

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…AQP7 and AQP9 are involved in cell motility similar to the other members of the AQPs family, and therefore, it is possible that the aging-related decreased expression of AQP7 and AQP9 may affect delayed wound healing [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. It is possible that a new therapeutic strategy can be developed for skin diseases when the function of these AQPs in the skin is clarified in the future [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Aging-Related Skin Dryness and Aquaporins

Ikarashi

Kon

Kaneko

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Skin function deteriorates with aging, and the dermal water content decreases. In this study, we have analyzed the mechanism of aging-related skin dryness focusing on aquaporins (AQPs), which are the water channels. Mice aged 3 and 20 months were designated as young and aged mice, respectively, to be used in the experiments. No differences were observed in transepidermal water loss between the young mice and aged mice. However, the dermal water content in aged mice was significantly lower than that in young mice, thus showing skin dryness. The expression of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP7, and AQP9 was observed in the skin. All the mRNA expression levels of these AQPs were significantly lower in aged mice. For AQP3, which was expressed dominantly in the skin, the protein level was lower in aged mice than in young mice. The results of the study showed that the expression level of AQPs in the skin decreased with aging, suggesting the possibility that this was one of the causes of skin dryness. New targets for the prevention and treatment of aging-related skin dryness are expected to be proposed when the substance that increases the expression of AQP3 is found.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AQP3 also facilitates migration and proliferation of keratinocytes in epidermis during wound healing [ 14 ]. Thus, AQPs in the skin have various functions [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Aging-Related Skin Dryness and Aquaporins

Ikarashi

Kon

Kaneko

et al. 2017

IJMS

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“…These observations raise the possibility that PG may be produced under normal conditions to dampen and/or resolve inflammation induced by exposure of the skin to microorganisms and antimicrobial peptide DAMPs and that this process may be disrupted in pathological conditions. Indeed, abnormalities in AQP3 and/or PLD2 levels have been observed in various skin conditions (Patel et al, 2017;Voss et al, 2011).…”

Section: Phosphatidylglycerol Inhibits Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphatidylglycerol Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor–Mediated Inflammation by Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns

Choudhary

Uaratanawong

Patel

et al. 2019

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Psoriasis is a common skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and inflammation. We previously showed that phosphatidylglycerol (PG) can regulate keratinocyte function and suppress skin inflammation. Based on data suggesting that PG can inhibit toll-like receptor (TLR) activation induced by microorganisms and their components, we determined whether PG can inhibit TLR activation in response to antimicrobial peptides. These peptides, which are up-regulated in psoriasis, are known to function as danger-associated molecular patterns (i.e., DAMPs) to activate TLRs and the innate immune system. Because S100A9 is elevated in psoriatic skin and in animal models of psoriasis, we selected S100A9 as a representative antimicrobial peptide DAMP. We showed that in primary keratinocytes and a macrophage cell line, PG suppressed inflammatory mediator production induced by recombinant S100A9 functioning through both TLR2 and TLR4. In addition, PG, but not phosphatidylcholine, inhibited downstream S100A9-elicited TLR2 and NF-kB activation. These results, to our knowledge previously unreported, show PG's ability to inhibit DAMP-induced TLR activation, thereby reducing inflammatory signals. In addition, topical PG ameliorated skin lesions and inflammation in a mouse model of psoriasis. Together, these results suggest the possibility of developing PG as a therapy for psoriasis.

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“…The remaining approximately 5% consists of cells such as melanocytes (they produce melanin), Merkel cells (for the sense of touch), and Langerhans cells (as the first immune barrier) [36,37,38]. …”

Section: Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We can identify a fifth layer where the skin is thicker, such as the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. The polished layer is located between the granular layer and the corneal layer [38]. …”

Section: Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Proposal to Define the Fascial System

et al. 2018

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At the beginning of the third millennium, we still do not have a definition of ‘fascia' recognized as valid by every researcher. This article attempts to give a new definition of the fascial system, including the epidermis, by comparing the mechanical-metabolic characteristics of the connective tissue and the skin. In fact, according to the latest classification deriving from the Fascia Nomenclature Committee, the outer skin layer is not considered as part of the fascial continuum. This article highlights the reasons for taking the functional characteristics of the tissue into consideration, rather than its mere structure. A brief discussion will address the questions as to what is considered as fascial tissue and from which embryonic germ layer the epidermis is formed. The notion that all the layers intersect will be highlighted, demonstrating that quoting precise definitions of tissue stratification in the living organism probably does not correspond to what happens in vivo. What we propose as a definition is not to be regarded as a point of arrival but as another departure.

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Aquaporins in the Skin

Cited by 29 publications

References 93 publications

Relationship between Aging-Related Skin Dryness and Aquaporins

Relationship between Aging-Related Skin Dryness and Aquaporins

Phosphatidylglycerol Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor–Mediated Inflammation by Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns

New Proposal to Define the Fascial System

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