Aquatic aluminum: Chemistry, toxicology, and environmental prevalence∗

Burrows, W. D.; Hem, John David

doi:10.1080/10643387709381651

Cited by 136 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The older literature (as reviewed in Burrows, 1977) pertaining to freshwater algae showed toxic concentrations of Al to be much higher than in more recent studies (Table 1). In these earlier studies, concentrations ranging from tens to thousands of mg · L -1 were required to kill several species of algae.…”

Section: A Al Toxicity To Individual Algal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In these earlier studies, concentrations ranging from tens to thousands of mg · L -1 were required to kill several species of algae. These results, however, were largely compiled from cell physiological studies (Böhm-Tüchy, 1960, as cited in Burrows, 1977) that were not designed to quantify toxic levels of Al. Therefore, most of the concentrations reported in Burrows' (1977) Table 8 are probably much higher than actually required to impair algal growth.…”

Section: A Al Toxicity To Individual Algal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results, however, were largely compiled from cell physiological studies (Böhm-Tüchy, 1960, as cited in Burrows, 1977) that were not designed to quantify toxic levels of Al. Therefore, most of the concentrations reported in Burrows' (1977) Table 8 are probably much higher than actually required to impair algal growth. Given also that pH was not controlled in most studies, it is especially difficult to judge whether such high Al concentrations needed to elicit toxicity are realistic in comparison to more recent work.…”

Section: A Al Toxicity To Individual Algal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There also have been few attempts to summarize this literature since the review by Burrows (1977), and thus single-species algal studies conducted since that review are compiled here (Table 1). Even though widely different species, growth media, and culture methodologies were used, certain generalizations can be made.…”

Section: A Al Toxicity To Individual Algal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reviewed by Burrows (1977), relatively high exposures of 2500 µg · L -1 total Al (pH not given) inhibited root growth of Myriophyllum spicatum, whereas much less (50 to 200 µg · L -1 ) Al inhibited the growth of rice seedlings at acidic (3.5 to 5.0) pH. Similarly, only 50 µg · L -1 Al diminished shoot dry weight of black crowberry shrub (Empetrum nigrum) seedlings at pH 4, even though seedlings exposed to as much as 5000 µg · L -1 Al survived, albeit poorly, as long as 15 weeks (as reviewed in Burrows, 1977). More recent studies demonstrated that Al never inhibited Lemna gibba growth less than 50% at basic pH (7.6 and 8.2) when exposed to 45,700 µg · L -1 Al or less (as reviewed in Gostomski, 1990).…”

Section: A Direct Toxicity or Tolerance Of Al To Aquatic Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Gensemer

Playle

1999

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

642

444

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ABSTRACT:In this article we review the biological effects of Al, primarily with respect to the chemical factors controlling Al bioavailability and toxicity, and how its biological effects are best predicted. Our intent is not to duplicate recent reviews on Al chemistry or toxicity, but rather to update the literature since these reviews were published, and to focus on Al speciation and other external chemical influences on Al bioavailability to freshwater biota. Briefly, we first review Al chemistry, with a specific focus on understanding, as well as measuring, Al chemical species of importance to aquatic biota. Next we more comprehensively review Al toxicity and bioavailability to freshwater algae, with a thorough analysis of the relationships between speciation and toxicity, the role of important chemical complexing agents such as P, Si, and organic carbon, as well as the potential for Al to impact algal community structure. A third section reviews the more sparse literature on aquatic higher plants; the fourth section reviews a somewhat more abundant literature of Al toxicity to freshwater invertebrates. We close with an updated review of Al toxicity to fish, again with a focus on mechanisms of toxicity, and the role of Al speciation in controlling bioavailability.

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Section: A Al Toxicity To Individual Algal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: A Al Toxicity To Individual Algal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Al Toxicity To Individual Algal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Al Toxicity To Individual Algal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Direct Toxicity or Tolerance Of Al To Aquatic Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Gensemer

Playle

1999

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

642

444

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Derivation of a water quality guideline for aluminium in marine waters

Golding

Angel

Batley

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Metal risk assessment of industrialized harbors and coastal marine waters requires the application of robust water quality guidelines to determine the likelihood of biological impacts. Currently there is no such guideline available for aluminium in marine waters. A water quality guideline of 24 µg total Al/L has been developed for aluminium in marine waters based on chronic 10% inhibition or effect concentrations (IC10 or EC10) and no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) from 11 species (2 literature values and 9 species tested including temperate and tropical species) representing 6 taxonomic groups. The 3 most sensitive species tested were a diatom Ceratoneis closterium (formerly Nitzschia closterium; IC10 = 18 µg Al/L, 72-h growth rate inhibition) < mussel Mytilus edulis plannulatus (EC10 = 250 µg Al/L, 72-h embryo development) < oyster Saccostrea echinata (EC10 = 410 µg Al/L, 48-h embryo development). Toxicity to these species was the result of the dissolved aluminium forms of aluminate (Al(OH4 (-) ) and aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3 (0) ) although both dissolved, and particulate aluminium contributed to toxicity in the diatom Minutocellus polymorphus and green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. In contrast, aluminium toxicity to the green flagellate alga Tetraselmis sp. was the result of particulate aluminium only. Four species, a brown macroalga (Hormosira banksii), sea urchin embryo (Heliocidaris tuberculata), and 2 juvenile fish species (Lates calcarifer and Acanthochromis polyacanthus), were not adversely affected at the highest test concentration used.

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Acute toxicity of a complex mixture of synthetic hexachloroethane (HC) smoke combustion products: II. Determination of component toxicity

Fisher

Burton

Paulson

1990

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Synthetic hexachloroethane (HC) smoke combustion products are a complex mixture containing Zn, Cd, As, Pb, Al, CCl4, C2Cl4, C2Cl6, C6Cl6 and HCl. The dissolved components of the synthetic HC smoke combustion products mixture are quite toxic to a number of freshwater species, especially a green alga, rainbow trout and water flea. Acute 48‐h static bioassays were conducted with neonate Daphnia magna to assess the toxicity of various individual components and mixtures of components of the synthetic HC smoke combustion products mixture. These tests showed that the metals, zinc in particular, were the major toxic component of the mixture. When the chlorinated organics were tested as a group, they caused only minimal toxicity to the daphnids.

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Aquatic aluminum: Chemistry, toxicology, and environmental prevalence∗

Cited by 136 publications

References 108 publications

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Derivation of a water quality guideline for aluminium in marine waters

Acute toxicity of a complex mixture of synthetic hexachloroethane (HC) smoke combustion products: II. Determination of component toxicity

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