Aquatic phyto-toxicity of 23 pesticides applied at expected environmental concentrations

Peterson, Hans G.; Boutin, Céline; Martin, Pamela A.; Freemark, Kathryn E.; Ruecker, Norma J.; Moody, Mary J.

doi:10.1016/0166-445x(94)90038-8

Cited by 262 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There is little information available on typical carbaryl concentrations in natural ponds, but carbaryl can be as high as 4.8 mg͞liter (35,36). The low concentrations used in experiments 1 and 3 were only 1-11% of the highest concen- trations detected in ponds under field conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Predator-induced stress makes the pesticide carbaryl more deadly to gray treefrog tadpoles ( Hyla versicolor )

Relyea

Mills

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

358

315

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Global declines in amphibians likely have multiple causes, including widespread pesticide use. Our knowledge of pesticide effects on amphibians is largely limited to short-term (4-d) toxicity tests conducted under highly artificial conditions to determine lethal concentrations (LC50). We found that if we used slightly longer exposure times (10 -16 d), low concentrations of the pesticide carbaryl (3-4% of LC50 4-d) killed 10 -60% of gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) tadpoles. If predatory cues also were present, the pesticide became 2-4 times more lethal, killing 60 -98% of tadpoles. Thus, under more realistic conditions of increased exposure times and predatory stress, current application rates for carbaryl can potentially devastate gray treefrog populations. Further, because predator-induced stress is ubiquitous in animals and carbaryl's mode of action is common to many pesticides, these negative impacts may be widespread in nature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Predator-induced stress makes the pesticide carbaryl more deadly to gray treefrog tadpoles ( Hyla versicolor )

Relyea

Mills

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

358

315

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“…Several other herbicides that have been tested as potential effective algicides include diquat, paraquat (Schrader et al 1998), atrazine and simazine (Peterson et al 1994). While these algicides are very effective as non-specific cyanocides, a warning has been published that the use of paraquat (at 1 mM final concentration) resulted in a 90 % increase in detectable cyanotoxins in the water (Ross et al 2006).…”

Section: Herbicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Existing and emerging cyanocidal compounds: new perspectives for cyanobacterial bloom mitigation

et al. 2016

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To help ban the use of general toxic algicides, research efforts are now directed towards the discovery of compounds that are specifically acting as cyanocides. Here, we review the past and look forward into the future, where the less desirable general algicides like copper sulphate, diuron or endothall may become replaced by compounds that show better specificity for cyanobacteria and are biodegradable or transform into non-toxic products after application. For a range of products, we review the activity, the mode of action, effectiveness, durability, toxicity towards non-target species, plus costs involved, and discuss the experience with and prospects for small water volume interventions up to the mitigation of entire lakes; we arrive at recommendations for a series of natural products and extracted organic compounds or derived synthetic homologues with promising cyanocidal properties, and briefly mention emerging nanoparticle applications. Finally, we detail on the recently introduced application of hydrogen peroxide for the selective killing of cyanobacteria in freshwater lakes.

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“…For example, concentrations of isoproturon in drain flow frequently exceeded 20 mg/L in samples of drainage water from an agricultural clay hill slope in the United Kingdom [26]. Peterson et al, [27] reported maximum expected environmental concentrations for metsulfuron-methyl of 3 mg/L. In contrast, tested concentrations for PCP were significantly higher than levels in the natural environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of repeated pulsed herbicide exposures on the growth of aquatic macrophytes

Boxall

Fogg

Ashauer

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Many contaminants are released into aquatic systems intermittently in a series of pulses. Pulse timing and magnitude can vary according to usage, compound-specific physicochemical properties, and use area characteristics. Standard laboratory ecotoxicity tests typically employ continuous exposure concentrations over defined durations and thus may not accurately and realistically reflect the effects of certain compounds on aquatic organisms, resulting in potential over-or underestimation. Consequently, the relative effects of pulsed (2 and 4 d) and continuous exposures of the duckweed Lemna minor to isoproturon, metsulfuron-methyl, and pentachlorophenol over a period of 42 d were explored in the present study. At the highest test concentrations, exposure of L. minor to pulses of metsulfuronmethyl resulted in effects on growth similar to those of an equivalent continuous exposure. For isoproturon, pulsed exposures had a lower impact than a corresponding continuous exposure, whereas the effect of pentachlorophenol delivered in pulses was greater. These differences may be explained by compound-specific uptake and degradation or dissipation rates in plants and the recovery potential that occurs following pulses for different pesticides. Given these results, use of a simple time-weighted average approach to estimate effects of intermittent exposures from short-term standard toxicity studies may not provide an accurate prediction that reflects realistic exposure scenarios. Development of mechanistic modeling approaches may facilitate better estimates of effects from intermittent exposures.

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Aquatic phyto-toxicity of 23 pesticides applied at expected environmental concentrations

Cited by 262 publications

References 18 publications

Predator-induced stress makes the pesticide carbaryl more deadly to gray treefrog tadpoles ( Hyla versicolor )

Predator-induced stress makes the pesticide carbaryl more deadly to gray treefrog tadpoles ( Hyla versicolor )

Existing and emerging cyanocidal compounds: new perspectives for cyanobacterial bloom mitigation

Effects of repeated pulsed herbicide exposures on the growth of aquatic macrophytes

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