Aquatic toxicity of glyphosate-based formulations: comparison between different organisms and the effects of environmental factors

Tsui, Martin Tsz‐Ki; Chu, L.M.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00306-0

Cited by 523 publications

(363 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Tsui and Chu (2003) studied the acute toxicity of technical grade glyphosate acid, glyphosate-isopropylamine salt, Roundup and the surfactant polyoxyethylene amine to several organisms frequently used in toxicity tests (bacteria, microalgae, protozoa, crustaceans). Toxicity in decreasing order was polyoxyethylene amine > Roundup > glyphosate acid > glyphosate-isopropylamine salt, except that the latter was twice as toxic as glyphosate acid to T. pyriformis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ecotoxicological values have been determined for glyphosate and AMPA (Agritox, 2006;Toxnet, 2006). Multiple studies have found that commercial glyphosate-based formulations are more toxic to aquatic organisms than glyphosate itself (Folmar et al, 1979;Servizi et al, 1987;Mann and Bidwell, 1999;Everett and Dickerson, 2003;Tsui and Chu, 2003) because of the surfactants present in the formulations. AMPA is thought to be equally or less toxic than glyphosate (Carlisle and Trevors, 1988;Giesy et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the potential toxicity of herbicides and their degradation products to nontarget cells using two microorganisms, the bacteria Vibrio fischeri and the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Bonnet¹,

Bonnemoy

Dusser³

et al. 2007

Environmental Toxicology

109

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ABSTRACT:The potential toxicity of several herbicides-alachlor, diuron and its photo and biotransformation products, glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA)-to nontarget cells was assessed using two microorganisms frequently used in ecotoxicology, Vibrio fischeri and Tetrahymena pyriformis. Toxicity assays involved the Microtox 1 test, the T. pyriformis population growth impairment test employing three different processes (flasks, tubes, microplates), and the T. pyriformis nonspecific esterase activities test. Several IC 50 or EC 50 values are reported for each molecule. Alachlor exerted a toxic effect on the two nontarget cells used. The results for diuron and its photo and biotransformation products indicated that most of the metabolites presented nontarget toxicity higher than that of diuron. Glyphosate and AMPA had a less negative effect on T. pyriformis than on V. fischeri. Nevertheless, in all cases, glyphosate was found to be more toxic than AMPA. Comparison analysis of the sensitivity of the different tests showed that, in general, tests using the eukaryotic cell (T. pyriformis) were more sensitive than test using the prokaryotic cell (V. fischeri), and that a population growth criterion is more sensitive than an enzymatic criterion. The three different processes that could be used to evaluate effects on population growth rate were equally sensitive for the herbicides tested. A significant correlation between toxicity data and the hydrophobicity of the chemicals could only be established with the growth population test. This study demonstrates that it is essential to assess the toxicity of the metabolites formed to complete a more comprehensive study of the environmental impact of a polluting agent. # 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 78-91, 2007.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the potential toxicity of herbicides and their degradation products to nontarget cells using two microorganisms, the bacteria Vibrio fischeri and the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Bonnet¹,

Bonnemoy

Dusser³

et al. 2007

Environmental Toxicology

109

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“…A presença de herbicidas no solo por longo tempo, além de causar sérios impactos na microbiota do solo (TSUI & CHU, 2003) e contaminação de água subterrânea, pode inviabilizar a rotação de culturas quando estão envolvidas espécies sensíveis ao princípio ativo (PROCÓPIO et al, 2004;SANTOS et al, 2004a,b). Visando reduzir o período de residualidade de alguns xenobióticos no solo, como herbicidas, tem-se pesquisado o emprego da fitorremediação em sistemas agrícolas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fitorremediação de solo contaminado com trifloxysulfuron-sodium por diferentes densidades populacionais de feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis (L). DC.)

et al. 2006

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RESUMOObjetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a fitorremediação do solo contaminado pelo herbicida trifloxysulfuron-sodium a campo, pela espécie de adubo verde Canavalia ensiformis (feijão-de-porco) cultivada em diferentes densidades populacionais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação entre quatro densidades de plantio da espécie vegetal feijão-de-porco (0; 8; 20; e 32 plantas m -2 ) e duas doses do trifloxysulfuron-sodium (0,00 e 15,00 g ha 1 ). Cinco dias após o preparo do solo, o trifloxysulfuron-sodium foi aplicado antes da semeadura da espécie fitorremediadora, a qual foi mantida na área por 65 dias. Após esse período a área experimental foi novamente sulcada e fertilizada sendo cultivado feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Vermelho Coimbra), espécie sensível ao trifloxysulfuron-sodium. Aos 45 dias após a semeadura do feijão avaliou-se a altura e a biomassa seca da parte aérea das plantas e ao final do ciclo da cultura, foram determinados o rendimento de grãos, o número de vagens por planta e o peso de 100 sementes. O cultivo prévio de C. ensiformis nas densidades populacionais de 8, 20 ou 32 plantas m -2 promoveu a remediação do herbicida. A densidade populacional mínima de C. ensiformis que proporciona maior rendimento de grãos à cultura do feijão é de 20 plantas m -2 . Termos para indexação: Adubos verdes, biorremediação, descontaminação, Phaseolus vulgaris. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation of the herbicide trifloxysulfuron-sodium in field, by Canavalia ensiformis cultivated in different populacional density. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme 4 x 2, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of four sowing densities (0; 8; 20; and 32 plants m -2 ) and two rates of trifloxysulfuron-sodium (0.00 and 15.00 g ha 1 ). Five days after soil preparation trifloxysulfuron-sodium was applied, before C. ensiformis sowing, which was kept for 65 days in the area. After this time the experimental area was furrowed, fertilized and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Vermelho Coimbra), specie sensitive to trifloxysulfuron-sodium, was cultivated. After 45 days of bean sowing, plant height and shoot dry biomass were evaluated and at the end of final cycle, grain yield, number of pods per plant and weight of 100 seeds, were determinated. Prior cultivation of C. ensiformis at densities of 8, 20 or 32 plants m -2 promoted herbicide remediation. The minimal of 20 plants m -2 of C. ensiformis provides the highest grain yield.

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“…tóxicas que el compuesto activo y esto se ha atribuido a la presencia de adyuvantes en las formulaciones comerciales (15,17). Entre estos adyuvantes, los más comunes son los surfactantes, y en el caso de Roundup® el más ampliamente usado es la polioxietilenamina o tallow amina polietoxilada, un surfactante no iónico con el potencial de afectar adversamente los organismos acuáticos en áreas en las cuales es usado (20).…”

Section: Figuraunclassified

“…Pese a esta información, la preocupación sobre los efectos adversos potenciales de los herbicidas basados en glifosato persiste ya que un número de estudios recientes in vivo en animales muestran que han causado efectos tóxicos en las diferentes especies que han sido expuestas experimentalmente al glifosato, a las formulaciones comerciales que lo contienen, y a uno de sus principales adyuvantes, el surfactante polioxietilenamina o tallow amina polietoxilada (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

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Citotoxicidad del glifosato en células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana

Martínez

Reyes

2007

biomedica

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Introducción. El glifosato es un herbicida de amplio espectro, no selectivo, utilizado comúnmente en agricultura para eliminar malezas. Los estudios que han evaluado la toxicidad del glifosato en animales y en ambiente muestran que las formulaciones comerciales son más tóxicas que el componente activo. Objetivos. Evaluar la toxicidad del glifosato grado técnico y de la formulación comercial Roundup® en células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana. Materiales y métodos. Células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana fueron expuestas a diferentes concentraciones de glifosato en grado técnico y en la forma de Roundup® por 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas. La citotoxicidad se evaluó mediante el método de exclusión con azul de tripano y reducción del reactivo sal sódica de (2,3-bis[2-metoxi-4-nitro-5-sulfofenil]-2Htetrazolio-5-carboxianilida) (XTT). Resultados. Ambas presentaciones del glifosato (grado técnico y Roundup®) fueron tóxicas para las células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana. Roundup® fue más citotóxico que el glifosato grado técnico, ya que se encontró que la concentración letal 50 (LC 50 ) analizada con el método de exclusión con azul de tripano a las 24 horas fue de 56,4 µg/ml de glifosato en la forma de Roundup® y de 1.640 mg/ml (1,64 µg/ml) para glifosato grado técnico. Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio in vitro confirman el efecto tóxico para las células humanas observado para el glifosato y sus preparaciones comerciales, y que estas últimas son más citotóxicas que el compuesto activo, lo que apoya la idea de que los aditivos presentes en las formulaciones comerciales juegan un papel crucial en la toxicidad atribuida a los herbicidas que contienen glifosato.Palabras clave: pruebas inmunológicas de citotoxicidad, herbicidas, células sanguíneas, supervivencia celular, azul de tripano, sales de tetrazolio. Cytotoxicity of the herbicide glyphosate in human peripheral blood mononuclear cellsIntroduction. Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide and commonly used to eliminate weeds in agricultural and forest settings. Studies evaluating glyphosate toxicity in animals and environment show that commercial formulations of glyphosate are more toxic than the active component itself. Objectives. Technical grade glyphosate was compared with the commercial formulation Roundup® in their respective toxicities on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Materials and methods. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate, either technical grade or in the form of Roundup for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. Cytotoxicity was assayed by trypan blue dye exclusion method and reduction of (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2Htetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt) XTT reagent. Results. Both technical grade glyphosate and Roundup® formulation were toxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cytotoxicity of Roundup® was higher than cytotoxicity of glyphosate, since the LC 50 (50% lethal concentration) determined by the trypan blue ex...

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Aquatic toxicity of glyphosate-based formulations: comparison between different organisms and the effects of environmental factors

Cited by 523 publications

References 23 publications

Assessment of the potential toxicity of herbicides and their degradation products to nontarget cells using two microorganisms, the bacteria Vibrio fischeri and the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Assessment of the potential toxicity of herbicides and their degradation products to nontarget cells using two microorganisms, the bacteria Vibrio fischeri and the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Fitorremediação de solo contaminado com trifloxysulfuron-sodium por diferentes densidades populacionais de feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis (L). DC.)

Citotoxicidad del glifosato en células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana

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