Aqueous Extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium Enhances the Antimelanogenic and Antioxidative Activities of the Mixture of Soy Peptide and Collagen Peptide

Abstract

The possible synergistic effect between the aqueous extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium (菊花 Jú Huā) (AECM) and the peptide mixture (PM) containing soy peptide and collagen peptide was investigated in an ultraviolet (UV) irradiation–induced skin damage mouse model. The irradiated mice were treated with the PM or PM + AECM (containing PM and AECM), respectively. Both PM and PM + AECM groups displayed an apparent photoprotective effect on the UV-irradiated skin damage of mice. Histological evaluation demonstrated that the epidermal hyperplasia and melanocytes in the basal epidermal layer of the UV-irradiated skin in mice decreased when treated with either PM or PM + AECM. Further study showed that soy peptide, collagen peptide, and AECM also inhibited the activities of mushroom tyrosinase with IC50 values of 82.3, 28.2, and 1.6 μg/ml, respectively. Additionally, PM + AECM reduced melanogenesis by 46.2% at the concentration of 10 mg/ml in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Meanwhile, the UV-induced increase of antioxidative indicators, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), was reduced significantly after treatment with 1.83 g/kg/dbw of PM + AECM. This evidence supported the synergistic antioxidative effect of AECM with PM. These results demonstrated that oral intake of PM and AECM had synergistic antimelanogenic and antioxidative effects in UV-irradiated mice.

Instrumental Evaluation of the Depigmenting Efficacy of an Oral Supplementation Containing Peptides and Chrysanthemum Extract for the Treatment of Melasma

“…Our previous study confirmed that soy peptide had synergistic antioxidant activities with collagen peptide [10]. The mixture of soy peptide and collagen peptide showed good antioxidant activity in the senescent mouse model [5].…”

“…UV radiation is an important causative factor in melasma, inducing ROS formation and melanin pigment biosynthesis in the skin [19,20]. Our previous study demonstrated that the CP exerted photoprotective and antioxidant activity both in UV-induced mice model and in vitro study [10]. The number and size of DOPA-positive melanocytes were found to be significantly decreased in the group treated with CP against UBV-induced skin response, suggesting CP inhibited UVB-induced pigmentation because of its antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory effects [10].…”

“…The previous in vivo test models have proven that CP supplement intake can counteract skin hyperpigmentation through the inhibition of melanin overproduction caused by repeated UV exposure [10]. To this purpose, the increase of melanin content in lesion area has been monitored by objective instrumental method (reflectance spectrophotometry) in subjects with melasma before and after oral supplementation of 45 or 60 days.…”

“…Chrysanthemum morifolium extract has been found to contain flavonoids and showed various bioactivities [11]. Our previous study showed that Chrysanthemum morifolium extract enhanced the antioxidant and anti-melanogenic efficacy of peptide mixture of collagen peptide and soy peptide in UV-irradiative mouse model [10]. Therefore, we optimized the ratio of soy peptide, collagen peptide and chrysanthemum extract to design a novel oral supplement (CP) to treat melasma.…”

An Up-to-Date Review of Phytochemicals and Biological Activities in Chrysanthemum spp

“…Its mechanisms were at least partially associated with the modulations of TLR4 signaling pathways 55 . The oral intake of peptide mixture and the aqueous extract of Chrysanthemum Gui et al, 2014 morifolium had synergistic antimelanogenic and antioxidative effects in UV-irradiated mice 56 . According to the literature survey, it can be concluded that fifty compounds were Sassi et al, 2014 identified from essential oils of the leaves, stems and roots of Chrysanthemum trifurcatum (Desf.)…”