Aqueous polysulphide flow-through electrodes: Effects of electrocatalyst and electrolyte composition on performance

Redox flow batteries: a review

“…Charge is carried via sodium ions through the membrane. When activated carbon/polyolefin composite electrodes were used in this system, the voltage increased from 1.7 to 2.1 V during the charging process due to adsorption of bromine in the activated carbon [24]. This system is prone to crossover and mixing of the electrolytes, however, which can lead to precipitation of sulfur species and the formation of H 2 S and Br 2 .…”

“…Lessner et al designed a flow-through porous electrode for bromine/polysulphide RFBs [24]. To ensure uniform flow distribution and prevent channeling, quartz particles (with diameter of 0.5 to 1.0 mm) were placed 0.5 cm above the inlet.…”

A high energy density solar rechargeable redox battery

“…A reasonable design goal for energy conversion and storage applications is an electrode with current densities on the order of 10 mA cm À2 and an overpotential smaller than 100 mV. 13 The design in this work also required the electrode to be permeable to the electrolyte. A literature survey showed that polysulde electrolytes have been commonly used for electrochemical cells such as the Na-S batteries, 14 20 have been suggested as highly catalytic electrodes for polysulde.…”

Study of a high power density sodium polysulfide/bromine energy storage cell

“…Only a modest current density of 10-20 mA cm À2 at less than 50 mV overpotential was obtained for catalytic electrode surface layers of cobalt and MoS 2 [7]. To improve the electrochemical reaction area, reticulated copper sulfide or nickel sulfide for use as an electrocatalytic material of the polysulfide redox system was reported [9].…”

“…Most of the electrodes for the polysulfide redox system are based on metallic sulfide [4,[6][7][8][9], carbon composition [10][11][12] and novel metals [13][14][15]. Only a modest current density of 10-20 mA cm À2 at less than 50 mV overpotential was obtained for catalytic electrode surface layers of cobalt and MoS 2 [7].…”