Aqueous RAFT/MADIXpolymerisation of N-vinyl pyrrolidone at ambient temperature

Abstract

RAFT/MADIX polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone can be achieved in water at 25 °C using a redox initiation.

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

“…The polymerization of NVP in aqueous media was reported as problematic due to the sensitivity of the macro-RAFT agent with a terminal NVP unit to hydrolysis. It has recently been shown [506,507] that this problem can be overcome by conducting the polymerization at ambient temperature with redox initiation.…”

“…A* (CMS) [336] (AA) [499] BA [500,501] NIPAm [499] TMAPAm [499] (DMAm) [494] VAc [494,502,503] VBz [503] VPv [503] NES [290] BES [290] VF2 [504] NVC [290] NVCL [505] NVP [506,507] VPA [506,508] (DADMAC) [113,506] (AA/iBoA) [509] (AA-b-iBoA) [509] VF2/PMVE [504] DMAm-b-VAc [494] (PDMAm-b-VF2) [504] VAc-b-VBz [503] (VAc-b-VPv) [503] VBz-bVAc [503] VBz-b-VPv [503] VPv-b-VAc [503] (VPv-bVBz) [503] NVC-b-NES [290] AA-b-VPA [508] (Am-b-DADMAC) [113] (AA-b-DADMAC) [506] 228…”

“…[532] The recent work of Destarac and co-workers suggests that this problem might be overcome with room temperature polymerization. [506,507] Block copolymers with LAMs were successfully prepared from the DMAm macro-RAFT agent in organic solution.…”

Synthesis and characterisation of end-functionalised poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) additives by reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerisation

“…Additionally this monomer is incompatible with ATRP due to its tendency to form complexes with transition metal catalysts. Thus it was not until relatively recently that PVP has been made in a controlled fashion using controlled radical polymerisation techniques such as RAFT [48][49][50][51][52][53][54] and NMP, 49 mechanisms with a high tolerance towards impurities and functional groups, in addition to a wide range of temperatures and solvents. RAFT was therefore chosen as an efficient methodology for the synthesis of the end functionalised polymers described herein, exploiting the use of functionalised CTAs to impart end functionality to the nascent polymer.…”

“…34 Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) is a widely exploited, water soluble, biocompatible polymer with a wide range of commercial applications including as an adhesive, a binder in the pharmaceutical industry, in coatings and even as a food additive. PVP can be readily polymerized with a high degree of control by RAFT polymerization [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] , less efficiently by nitroxide mediated radical polymerization 49,55,56 and not at all by other controlled/living polymerization mechanisms due to the presence of the amide functionality. Thus PVP is an interesting (and useful) polymer to demonstrate the concept of using a functionalized RAFT agent with CF groups as part of the R group for the synthesis of end functionalized polymers.…”