Aquitano y Vascónico

Abstract

En este trabajo se da cuenta de la situación lingüística de Aquitania y Vasconia en la antigüedad. La documentación conservada, de naturaleza onomástica, prueba la existencia de una lengua o de variedades lingüísticas relacionadas estrechamente con la lengua vasca. Se discuten las características específicas de la documentación y los problemas textuales y metodológicos a la hora de su descripción, análisis y explicación lingüística.

A Vasconic inscription on a bronze hand: writing and rituality in the Iron Age Irulegi settlement in the Ebro Valley

“…The sgraffito version, however, offers sorioneke . The reason for this difference is obscure; the final -(e)ke may be the ending of some Basque-Aquitaine divinities recorded in Latin inscriptions on altars, such as the theonyms Larrahe and Herauscorritsehe (Gorrochategui 2020), if we admit that the aspiration /h/, or perhaps a (post)velar fricative / χ / (Manterola & Hualde 2021), was indicated here by the only sign for velar consonants available in the system. This word, isolated in line 1, could mention the divinity, be it Good Fortune or another deity, to which the inscription would have been dedicated.…”

“…Given this scarcity of evidence, it has been commonly assumed that the Vascones did not make use of it prior to the Roman occupation. Following the conquest, we see an increase in the epigraphic corpus (Gorrochategui 1987, 1994, 1995a & b, 2009, 2020; Beltrán & Velaza 1993; Velaza 1995, 2009, 2012, 2018). However, the Vasconic language appears to differ from other Palaeohispanic languages in that while the number of known inscriptions is very low, it seems to have persisted through the Roman, and subsequent Germanic, period (Gorrochategui 2020), and—along with Aquitanian—could be related to present-day Basque.…”

“…Following the conquest, we see an increase in the epigraphic corpus (Gorrochategui 1987, 1994, 1995a & b, 2009, 2020; Beltrán & Velaza 1993; Velaza 1995, 2009, 2012, 2018). However, the Vasconic language appears to differ from other Palaeohispanic languages in that while the number of known inscriptions is very low, it seems to have persisted through the Roman, and subsequent Germanic, period (Gorrochategui 2020), and—along with Aquitanian—could be related to present-day Basque. In contrast, while there are many more inscriptions in other Palaeohispanic languages (just over 100 in Tartessian, nearly 2500 in Iberian and approximately 300 in Celtiberian), these languages all became extinct under the pressure of Latin.…”

“…The Vascones—mentioned in Classical sources including Ptolemy ( Geographia 2.6.67; Garcia Gil & Molinero Hernando 2006) and Pliny ( Naturalis Historia 3.3.24; Rackham 1942)—were a Late Iron Age cultural group that occupied the western Pyrenees, in the approximate area of present-day Navarre (Gorrochategui 2020; Lanz 2020; Figure 1). The region is framed to the north by the Pyrenean Mountains and the Cantabrian coast and to the south by the Ebro River; the Bidasoa Valley provides access to the Atlantic Ocean to the north and Ebro Valley flows to the Mediterranean to the south-east.…”